On approval of Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons

Home / Order / On approval of Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons

Order of the Minister of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 28, 2026 No. 207. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan on April 30, 2026 No. 38598

In accordance with paragraph 16-2 of Article 64 of the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Subsoil and Subsoil Use", I ORDER:

1. To approve Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons, in accordance with the annex to this order.

2. To invalidate sub-paragraphs 2), 3), 4) of paragraph 1 of the Order of the Acting Minister of Industry and Infrastructural Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated February 2, 2023 No. 71 "On Approval of the Methodology for classifying reserves of deposits and forecast resources, instructions for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons" (registered in Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan under No. 31839).

3. The Committee of Geology of the Ministry of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in accordance with the procedure established by law, shall ensure:

1) the state registration of this order in the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

2) posting of this order on the Internet resource of the Ministry of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan after its official publication.

4. Control over the execution of this order is entrusted to the supervising Vice Minister of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

5. This order shall enter into force upon the expiration of ten calendar days after the date of its first official publication.

Minister of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan

E. Nagaspayev

"APPROVED" by the Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Bureau of National Statisticsagency for Strategic Planning and Reform of the Republic of KazakhstaNministerium of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Approved by the Decree of the Minister of Industry and Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan on April 28, 2026 No. 207

Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons

Chapter 1. General provisions

1. These Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons (hereinafter referred to as the Methods), have been developed in accordance with subparagraph 16-2) of Article 64 of the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Subsoil and Subsoil Use" (hereinafter referred to as the Code).

2. The methodology defines the uniform requirements, principles, conditions and procedure for calculating reserves of mineral deposits, revaluing them, as well as preparing materials for submission to the state expertise of reserves.

3. The methods determine:

general methodological bases for calculating mineral reserves;

requirements for the initial geological, technical and economic data used in calculating reserves;

requirements for substantiation of accepted calculation parameters and indicators;

general approaches to classification, assessment and confirmation of mineral reserves.

4. The methods are aimed at:

ensuring the reliability, completeness and validity of the results of the calculation of mineral reserves;

formation of a uniform practice of stock counting in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

ensuring comparability of inventory assessment results;

creating a basis for decision-making on the rational use and protection of mineral resources;

ensuring the accounting of reserves in the state balance sheet and their submission to the state expertise.

5. The methods are used by subsurface users, as well as other individuals and legal entities engaged in the study of subsurface resources, calculation and revaluation of mineral reserves, when:

carrying out geological exploration work;

preparation of accounting materials on inventory calculation;

submission of materials for state stock examination;

making changes to previously approved stocks.

6. The requirements of these Methods are mandatory when calculating and revaluing reserves of mineral deposits in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

7. The techniques include:

Methodology for calculating reserves of solid minerals;

Methodology for calculating operational groundwater reserves;

A methodology for calculating hydrocarbon reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons.

The basic concepts used in the methodology:

1) conditions for mineral raw materials - represent a set of parameters, guided by which the reserves of mineral deposits and their balance sheet ownership are determined. They are established on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the geological, mining, technological and natural conditions of the development of mineral deposits, the degree of study of which is sufficient to identify reserves mainly of categories B and C1.

1) valuation currency is a monetary unit used to evaluate an investment project. It is proposed to use US dollars as a monetary unit for calculating assessment indicators. The reporting of the subsurface user in the form of a work program and other mandatory indicators for the tasks of the contract is carried out in the national currency of the Republic of Kazakhstan, at the exchange rate as of the valuation date.;

2) a base well is a well where, in the interval under consideration, a full range of geophysical studies of wells, core sampling and research, and reservoir testing have been performed, allowing for the most reliable determination of reservoir intervals and filtration–capacitance properties (hereinafter referred to as FES);

3) single–phase filtration model - in hydrodynamic modeling, monocomponent mixture media (oil, natural gas) are represented in which interaction occurs at the molecular level and the interface cannot be distinguished. The system contains and only one phase/one type of fluid is filtered in it.;

4) gas hydrates are solid crystalline substances of natural origin, during the decomposition of which a gas with a predominant methane content is released.;

5) geological reserves – reserves of hydrocarbon raw materials located in deposits;

6) two–phase filtration model - in the hydrodynamic modeling of two-phase filtration, the combined filtration of water and oil is considered. The isothermal motion of two immiscible liquids in a porous medium is considered;

7) discounted investment payback period – the period from the beginning of the assessment to the first year of assessment, at which the total discounted cash flow of the subsurface user becomes positive;

8) discounting is a method of bringing one–time project costs and revenues to a single cost estimate at the start date of the assessment. To calculate the discount rate, it is proposed to proceed from the sum of the cost of capital, inflation and remuneration for the risk of investments. In the absence of a justification for the discount rate, it is proposed to use a discount rate of 10% (ten percent).;

9) the simple payback period of the subsurface user's investment is the period from the beginning of the assessment to the first year of assessment, at which the total cash flow of the subsurface user becomes positive;

10) the internal rate of profitability of the subsurface user is the value of the discount rate at which the discounted cash flow of the subsurface user for a profitable evaluation period is zero;

11) subsurface user profitability index – the ratio of net total discounted revenue to the total discounted volume of capital investments over a profitable evaluation period;

12) reservoir rock – rocks capable of containing oil, gas, and water and releasing them even in small quantities during development;

13) porosity of a rock is a property that determines the capacity of a rock, and is the ratio of the volume of all voids to the total volume of the rock.;

14) rock permeability – the ability of formation rocks to pass liquid and gas under pressure drop;

15) filtration and capacitance properties of rocks are properties that are determined using basic physical parameters: porosity, permeability and water saturation. They determine the ability of reservoirs to accommodate and filter fluids, the movement of which occurs either as a result of natural processes (migration of hydrocarbons), or as a result of human activities related to the extraction of minerals.;

16) estimated development period (period) – the time elapsed from the beginning of commissioning of the field (production facility, deposits) to the shutdown of the last producing wells of the operational fund according to limiting criteria with the most complete coverage of deposits by the displacement process;

17) mathematical models of isothermal single-phase filtration in an isotropic porous medium take into account the law of conservation of mass, the law of conservation of momentum (in the form of Darcy's filtration law) and the defining equations in the form of dependence of density, porosity, permeability, viscosity on pressure;

18) inflation is an indicator that takes into account an increase in the overall level of prices and costs, accompanied by a loss of the purchasing power of a monetary unit. It is proposed to calculate the evaluation indicators at current prices, that is, with inflation indexing. Inflation is applied to both the revenue side of the project (the price of raw materials minus transportation costs) and the expenditure side of the project (capital investments, operating costs, taxes deductible). The inflation coefficient is taken as the historical average for the last 3 years preceding the year of assessment;

19) geological and hydrodynamic model of a deposit is a set of digital three-dimensional array of geological and physical parameters characterizing the modeled deposit (deposit, operational facility) and controlling effects on it during development, describing the basic patterns of filtration of reservoir fluids under the influence of these effects and applied technical and technological solutions.;

20) a deposit is an accumulation of hydrocarbon raw materials in a natural single hydrogasdynamic reservoir confined to one reservoir formation, two or three or more communicating reservoir formations of a section, or to a large thickness of reservoir rocks of a deposit. The number of deposits in the geological section of the deposit corresponds to the number of productive layers or be less than it;

21) reservoir water saturation – characterizes the reservoir water content. During the formation of a reservoir, part of the water remains in the void space of the collector. This water, which is contained together with oil or gas in the reservoir, is called residual water. The amount of residual water in the deposits depends on the rock composition: the smaller the size of the voids and the permeability of the reservoirs, the more it is;

22) condensate is a natural mixture of mainly light hydrocarbon compounds present in a gas in a dissolved state under certain thermobaric conditions and passing into the liquid phase when the pressure decreases below the condensation pressure.;

23) hydrocarbon raw materials – crude oil, gas condensate, natural gas and associated gas, natural bitumen, as well as hydrocarbons obtained after purification of crude oil, natural gas, processing of oil shales and tar sands;

24) a deposit of hydrocarbon raw materials is a part of the subsurface containing a natural accumulation of hydrocarbon raw materials in one or more contoured deposits, geographically confined to one area and associated with a favorable tectonic structure or with other types of traps.;

25) hydrocarbon reserves – the mass of oil, condensate, as well as the volume of gas in identified, explored and developed deposits, reduced to standard (0.1 MPa and 20 0C) conditions;

26) multicomponent (composite) filtration model - composite filtration models are used for detailed modeling of deposits containing light hydrocarbons (condensate and gas) in the case when it is necessary to describe the mass exchange between phases when reservoir fluids contain non-hydrocarbon components. The fluids in the reservoir are not in an isothermal environment (the temperature is not constant and changes as the reservoir is developed);

27) The oil-water contact is a surface that is close to horizontal or inclined. The surface of the gas–water contact (hereinafter referred to as the GVK) is often horizontal, however, there are cases of inclined contacts.;

28) profitable geological reserves (recoverable) – a part of geological reserves, the extraction of which is economically feasible using modern proven technologies and equipment in compliance with the requirements for the protection of the subsoil and the environment.;

29) unprofitable geological reserves – reserves, the extraction of which using modern proven technologies and techniques in compliance with the requirements for the protection of the subsoil and the environment is economically impractical.;

30) natural bitumen – minerals of organic origin with a primary hydrocarbon base, lying in the subsurface in a solid, viscous and visco-plastic state;

31) shale gas is a multicomponent mixture of hydrocarbons and non–hydrocarbon gases with a predominant methane content, which is in a gaseous state at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure, contained in shale rocks;

32) shale oil – crude oil contained in shale rocks;

33) transportation price – the cost of transportation of hydrocarbons is determined based on the actual transportation tariffs (pipeline, railway and others) at the date of the assessment. When calculating the net price (net back), the prices of raw materials are reduced by the cost of transportation;

34) technological losses are irretrievable losses of hydrocarbons associated with ongoing technical field development projects due to the technological features of the production cycle, as well as the physico-chemical characteristics of the hydrocarbons produced. The percentage of technological losses will be determined based on the actual data of the subsurface user. When calculating net profit, technological losses of hydrocarbons are deducted from the total volume of extracted raw materials.;

35) geophysical research of wells (hereinafter referred to as GIS) is a set of exploration geophysics methods used to study the properties of rocks in the borehole and inter–borehole spaces. As well as for monitoring the technical condition of wells. GIS is performed to study the geological structure of the section, identify productive formations (primarily for oil and gas), and determine reservoir properties of formations.;

36) a three–dimensional geological model is the construction of three-dimensional structural maps, cubes of calculated parameters based on seismic data and well drilling results (GIS, core, testing, etc.), with automatic interpolation between wells using various statistical methods (continuous, stochastic, and others). The calculation of the initial volumes of hydrocarbons in reservoir conditions takes place directly from the cells of the three-dimensional model. The simulation is performed on specialized software;

37) three–phase filtration model – if oil is found in the reservoir in a mixture with free water, then when the pressure drops below the saturation pressure, gas is released, and a mobile three–phase oil-water-gas system is formed in the reservoir;

38) raw material sales prices – prices for hydrocarbons on the foreign and domestic markets should be determined based on the actual data of the subsurface user as of the date of the assessment or forecast macroeconomic indicators provided by authorized government agencies or statistical agencies;

39) economic criteria – the effectiveness of the project is assessed by a system of calculated indicators acting as economic criteria.

Chapter 2. Methodology for calculating reserves of solid minerals

Paragraph 1. Feasibility study of the condition for calculating reserves

5. The technical and economic part provides a brief description of the features:

general information about the deposit and the area,

market review;

geological structure of the deposit;

methods of geological exploration, hydrogeological conditions of development, engineering and geological conditions of development;

environmental information – the state and forecast of environmental change;

cookery inventory count, conditions, inventory count.

6. General information about the deposit and the area provides:

geographical and administrative location;

distance from the nearest railway station, port, settlements and possible consumers of mineral raw materials;

natural and climatic conditions – terrain, relative elevation and elevation above sea level, climatic features (maximum and minimum temperature), hydroelectric network, seismicity of the area;

economic conditions – the development and infrastructure of the area, the population and its employment, sources of providing the future enterprise with electricity, fuel, local construction materials, labor resources; transport routes for the transportation of goods.

7. The market review contains information:

regarding the current field of application of commercial products obtained as a result of the development of the deposit in question;

the main trends in the development of their production and consumption in the world and in the context of individual countries, including in the Republic of Kazakhstan; potential consumers of marketable products;

a retrospective analysis and forecast of price changes for the corresponding mineral raw materials.

8. The geological structure of the deposit includes information:

about the geological and industrial type of the deposit; structural-geological, lithological-petrographic, tectonic factors controlling mineralization;

conditions of occurrence, morphology and internal structure of ore bodies, material composition, maximum and average contents of useful components and harmful impurities, patterns of spatial distribution of natural types of minerals and the possibility of their separate mining, basic data on the quality of mineral raw materials, its physical and mechanical properties;

information about associated minerals (including those contained in overburden and host rocks) and the possibility of industrial use of valuable components, the forms of their location;

ideas about the genesis of the deposit;

information on geomorphology and the history of relief formation (for deposits associated with weathering crusts and placer formation);

for placer deposits – characteristics and features of the shape, size and composition of the productive reservoir, the composition and thickness of peat, the structure of the dam, the content of valuable components; the size, shape and degree of roundness of the grains of useful minerals, the purity of gold;

the presence of industrial (technological) types and grades of minerals subject to separate extraction and processing, characteristics of their quality.

9. The methodology of geological exploration provides for the following information:

substantiation of the complexity group of the geological structure of the deposit, the stage of study of the deposit, the types and volumes of exploration work performed by the time the reserves were calculated;

accepted exploration methodology, density and geometry of the exploration network;

core yield, methods of sampling and control testing, quality and reliability of testing of mine workings and boreholes, verification of drilling data by underground mining;

the methodology of performing analyses for the main and associated components, information on the certification and accreditation of analytical laboratories;

the results of internal and external quality control of analyses, the reasons for the unsatisfactory quality of analyses and the assessment of their impact on the reliability of stocks;

comparison of operational data with exploration results;

exploration of the field sites and their readiness for priority development;

practical use of the results of geophysical work to substantiate the reliability of exploration data and establish the reliability of calculated reserves.

10. The hydrogeological conditions of the development provide information:

on the methodology, types and volumes of hydrogeological work performed and the completeness of the study of the hydrogeological conditions of development;

aquifers developed in the area, composition and thickness of water-bearing rocks, filtration properties; mineralization, chemical composition, types of groundwater and bacteriological state of waters; main aquifers and complexes involved in the irrigation of deposits; local and regional water barriers, expected water flows into mining due to groundwater and precipitation (stormwater and snowmelt), the likelihood of sudden groundwater breakthroughs into mine workings;

recommended methods of dehumidification (protection) of mine workings and prevention of catastrophic water breakouts;

drainage waters, mineralization of drainage waters and chemical composition, forecast of changes in chemical composition and mineralization during field development, methods and methods of purification and utilization or use for technical purposes, irrigation of land, assessment of operational reserves of drainage waters;

recommended sources of domestic drinking and technical water supply, their availability to the mining enterprise (taking into account the use of drainage waters); if necessary, recommendations on the search and exploration of additional sources of water supply.

11. The engineering and geological conditions of the development include:

the methodology, volumes and types of work performed;

engineering and geological zoning of a geological section with the allocation of complexes of loose, cohesive and rocky soils and the division of rocky soils into subcomplexes according to the degree of weathering and fracturing;

physico-mechanical properties of soils of all complexes, including:

for loose–block soils - density, density of the soil skeleton, humidity, porosity, porosity coefficient, degree of humidity, granulometric composition, angle of natural slope in the air–dry state and under water, for powdery sands - adhesion force and angle of internal friction in the natural state (with natural humidity) and at full saturation with water;

for cohesive soils – density of natural composition, skeleton density, particle density, porosity, porosity coefficient, plasticity number, granulometric composition, natural moisture, adhesion force and angle of internal friction at natural humidity and at full saturation, swelling magnitude, swelling strength, degree of subsidence;

for each subcomplex of rocky soils – density, skeleton density, humidity, porosity, porosity coefficient, resistance to uniaxial compression and stretching in the air-dry and water-saturated state, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, strength on the scale of M.M. Protodyakonov; characteristics of soils according to the degree of weathering and fracturing (according to the results of the engineering and geological description of the core of geological, hydrogeological, engineering and geological wells and walls of mine workings);

engineering and geological phenomena possible during the planned mining operations: possible landslides of the sides and slopes of the quarry, karst phenomena and the impact on the stability of quarries and underground workings, groundwater breakouts and quicksand;

the complexity of the engineering, geological and mining conditions, the magnitude of the rock pressure and the impact on the development of the deposit;

gas content and the category of a mining enterprise by gas content, the ability of a mineral to self-ignite, to sudden release of rocks, the expected silicic hazard.

12. Environmental conditions include information on the state and forecast of environmental changes. In accordance with the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the following information is provided:

the state of the natural environment in the area of the planned activity, the natural value of the territory, the presence of specially protected objects, the radioactivity of minerals, host rocks and soils;

The main sources of pollution and types of environmental impacts are air, soil, flora and fauna, subsurface, surface and groundwater;

the main types of natural resources to be removed from the environment for the needs of production, the main indicators of environmental impact;

forecasting and assessment of atmospheric air pollution, surface and groundwater, impacts on land resources, flora and fauna;

assessment of probable emergency situations and measures to prevent and reduce possible consequences;

measures to reduce the environmental impact of waste generated (including drainage water and wastewater);

reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations;

reclamation of the working horizon of hydrogenic (uranium) deposits;

economic assessment of environmental protection measures.

13. The cookery inventory calculation provides for the following information:

parameters of accepted conditions for calculating mineral reserves and methods for calculating reserves;

reserves previously approved and listed on the State Balance Sheet;

justification and selection of parameters of conditional conditions for the cookery calculation of stocks;

the method of calculating stocks according to the options of on-board contents;

the results of a variation calculation of reserves with an analysis of changes in reserves and parameters of ore bodies according to the variants of on-board contents;

comparison of reserves according to the parameters of recommended conditions with reserves that are listed on the state balance sheet, approved earlier, promptly accounted for according to previously accepted conditions; in case of significant discrepancies– an analysis of the reasons for these discrepancies.

The inventory calculation is performed by direct contouring of the mineral according to the on-board content options or using cuts from higher to lower options.

When using geostatistical methods for calculating reserves, it is mandatory to perform procedures for statistical validation of the model and control comparison of the results with traditional methods of calculation in representative areas of the deposit (at least 10%).

All the reserves of the deposit, as well as a part of them, are involved in the calculation of variations. The proportion of reserves directly involved in the calculation varies over a wide range and generally depends on the scale and features of the geological structure of the deposit and the sites, if any. The share of reserves is minimal for large objects with a simple geological structure (in coal deposits in poorly located regions) and maximum for deposits with a very complex geological structure (in medium and small gold, polymetallic and deposits lying in intensively dislocated strata).

The choice of a specific site (sites) for the calculation of variations should be based on representativeness in terms of the degree of exploration, types of ores and quality, sufficiency in volume and categories of reserves.

In the case when the variation calculation is performed on a part of the reserves of the deposit, the transition to the full reserves to determine the economic value of the deposit is carried out statistically.

14. The conditions are developed in relation to the main type of mineral raw materials by drawing up a feasibility study (hereinafter referred to as the feasibility study), which, based on the need for rational and integrated use of the subsoil, takes into account the possibility of extraction and processing of associated components in ores and other minerals lying together with them.

The conditions are drawn up for deposits, parts and sites that are planned or subject to priority development.

15. To substantiate the technology of processing mineral raw materials, mineralogical studies are carried out on representative technological samples in order to obtain information about the material composition of mineral raw materials and possible ways of processing it to obtain marketable products. Information on the technological properties of mineral raw materials is provided in tabular form.

16. The representativeness of technological samples is assessed based on the results of studying the technological properties of mineral raw materials and geological and technological mapping. When significant fluctuations in the quality of mineral raw materials are established that affect the technological properties (enrichment) within individual ore bodies, areas along the strike and fall of the mineral body, a representative technological sample is selected, taking into account the planned calendar schedule for the development of the deposit and the possibility of averaging the extracted mineral.

If there are several technological types of ores in the deposit that are subject to separate processing, the justification of the representativeness of the technological sample is carried out for each of the types of ores.

The ore processing scheme provides:

integrated use of mineral raw materials;

maximum extraction of essential and associated useful components;

the optimal content of the useful component in the concentrate;

isolation of rare and scattered elements, precious metals into selective products, as associated components in basic concentrates that are extracted during metallurgical processing;

economically acceptable separation of non-metallic minerals into independent products;

disposal of valuable components from waste and recycled water and gas purification products;

the possibility of using solid waste (rock stripping, enrichment waste) for laying underground mine workings, as raw materials for the production of building materials, and the like.

The processing of mineral raw materials is planned at an existing processing plant, at a new processing plant under construction, and at existing enterprises with spare capacity. It is necessary that commercial products obtained as a result of processing of mineral raw materials fully comply with the current technical regulations and standards.

17. The quality of marketable products obtained during the processing of raw materials in relation to different onboard contents of the main useful component is evaluated in accordance with existing standards.

The feasibility study of the conditions considers:

the influence of variability in the quality of mineral raw materials (within a single technological type) in terms of the content of useful components, harmful impurities and other properties on the indicators of the technological process, including the possibility of averaging mineral raw materials;

the initial data required for making design decisions, calculating technical and economic indicators for processing minerals in accordance with current industry regulations (standards of technological design), and making a reasonable choice of an analog, operating, planned enterprise with highly efficient technology for processing mineral raw materials.

The contents of the main and associated components in ores are taken according to the data of the inventory calculation, and the values of technological indicators in the enrichment products (concentrates, industrial products and tailings) are determined on the basis of laboratory, large-scale laboratory, semi-industrial tests. In accordance with the accepted technological indicators, a balance is drawn up between the distribution of the main and associated components.

18. In the scheme and in general, water supply should be provided for the enrichment plant (direct-flow, with repeated use of water, circulating, combined). When all wastewater is used as recycled water in all processing plants and processing plant cycles without purification, with wastewater conditioning, the scheme of recycled water supply is applied: concentrating plant – tailings dump – concentrating plant. Restrictions on the quality of recycled water are determined by the specifics of the technological process and different values are allowed in each cycle. To determine the amount of water, ensure optimal ratios of liquid to solid in the operations of the scheme, and determine the volume of pulp, it is advisable to design and calculate a water-slurry scheme with a balance of water and specific consumption per ton of processed raw materials.

19. The main technical solutions for tailings processing plants include the following:

selection of a site for a tailings storage facility sufficient to accommodate tailings for the entire duration of operation of the processing plant;

justification of the type of tailing dump (natural, artificially constructed basin-a tailing dump where solid phase deposition occurs);

determination of the method of transportation and stowage of wet tailings (hydraulic transport of tailings pulp and its discharge);

placement of dry tailings dumps outside the territory of the processing plant in compliance with fire and sanitary standards;

determination of transportation methods (trolleys, conveyor belts, suspended cable cars) and laying of dry tailings based on a technical and economic comparison of possible options.

20. For the integrated use of mineral raw materials, it is necessary to consider the feasibility of processing the tailings of an enrichment plant in order to obtain non-metallic products that meet the standards.

21. For the geological and economic assessment of the deposit and the justification of the calculated parameters of the conditions, the validity of the size of capital investments, operating costs and the cost of marketable products are of paramount importance.

22. Capital expenditures are calculated after determining the annual productivity and operating life of the mine, establishing a list of facilities planned for the industrial development of the estimated deposit.

The components of capital expenditures are:

a mine with a complex of mining and capital workings, buildings, structures and equipment;

concentrating plant with tailings facilities and circulating water supply;

a section of roads and railways from the deposit to the existing communication routes;

energy, water and heat supply, sewerage services;

environmental protection and nature restoration measures.

Capital and operating costs are determined by direct calculation and analogy with the design and actual (if any) indicators of fields being developed in similar conditions.

It is advisable to directly determine capital investments in mining and capital works, the cost of purchasing and installing mining equipment and quarry transport. The costs of an auxiliary farm are usually determined by analogy.

Capital investments in a processing plant are also determined by the unit cost per 1 ton of production capacity for the annual processing of mineral raw materials in an analog factory.

The costs of purchasing technological equipment for the mine, processing plant and auxiliary workshops are determined at the prices of manufacturing plants and sales in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account transportation and procurement costs.

Off–site structures are evaluated by direct calculation using analogues and aggregated cost indicators of 1 km of road, power lines (hereinafter referred to as transmission lines), and water pipes.

The capital expenditures assumed by analogy are reduced to a single time, as a rule, by indexing current prices.

23. Operating costs are calculated by making calculations for certain types of work performed, by analogy with the indicators of existing enterprises and according to regulatory and reference information.

When determining the cost of a unit of work based on regulatory reference data, they should be converted to current prices, taking into account cost appreciation coefficients at similar operating enterprises.

The preparation of an estimate of operating costs is preceded by the determination in the relevant technological sections of the feasibility study of the conditions of the production schedules, the list of equipment, staffing levels, cost standards for materials, electricity, water, heat.

The operating costs depend on:

in the case of underground mining of minerals – from the annual productivity of the mine, the depth of development, the opening option, the extraction system without the cost of laying, with the cost of laying (if any);

In open–pit mining, it depends on the annual productivity, types and sizes of the main equipment, vehicles, pit depth and overburden coefficient.

The costs of recultivation of disturbed lands are determined based on the area of disturbed lands and the unit cost of recultivation of 1 hectare.

The cost of mineral processing is determined in accordance with the planned productivity of the factory, the method of processing and the composition of ores.

General plant costs depend on the cost of extraction and enrichment and usually amount to 8-10% of workshop costs.

Non-production costs consist of workshop loading and unloading operations and concentrate transportation to the public railway line.

Environmental protection costs depend on the nature of the production activity and local conditions, are calculated separately and are included in the operating costs.

The main components of the operating cost estimate are:

the labor cost of the personnel employed at the enterprise, calculated based on the average salary for local employees; the average rate for foreign specialists is calculated taking into account the daily allowance, travel to and from the workplace, and living expenses;

payroll charges (social tax, compulsory insurance of civil liability of the employer);

the cost of raw materials, fuel, and spare parts at current prices. For processing plants, the choice of reagents and the stock of reagents are determined by analogy with similar enterprises.;

the cost of electricity and heat at current tariffs. The amount of electricity consumed is calculated based on the specific power of the electrical equipment used.;

current costs of restoration;

repair and maintenance of fixed assets;

depreciation charges;

management expenses.

An important component of economic calculations is the determination of the costs of metallurgical processing of raw materials, usually including:

transportation costs of ore and concentrate;

metallurgical conversion costs;

other costs of product sales (insurance, marketing, etc.).

For various types of mineral raw materials, the cost of metallurgical conversion varies widely. In this regard, the actual income of the mine ranges from 50-70% of the gross value of the final product (metal) for non-ferrous metal deposits (copper, zinc, lead, nickel) to 95-98% for gold and silver deposits.

24. The feasibility study of the conditions provides for compensation for losses of land users in accordance with the Land Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

isolation of rare and scattered elements, precious metals into selective products, as associated components in basic concentrates that are extracted during metallurgical processing;

economically acceptable separation of non-metallic minerals into independent products;

disposal of valuable components from waste and recycled water and gas purification products;

the possibility of using solid waste (rock stripping, enrichment waste) for laying underground mine workings, as raw materials for the production of building materials, and the like.

The feasibility study of the conditions considers:

19. The main technical solutions for tailings processing plants include the following:

selection of a site for a tailings storage facility sufficient to accommodate tailings for the entire duration of operation of the processing plant;

justification of the type of tailing dump (natural, artificially constructed basin-a tailing dump where solid phase deposition occurs);

determination of the method of transportation and stowage of wet tailings (hydraulic transport of tailings pulp and its discharge);

placement of dry tailings dumps outside the territory of the processing plant in compliance with fire and sanitary standards;

determination of transportation methods (trolleys, conveyor belts, suspended cable cars) and laying of dry tailings based on a technical and economic comparison of possible options.

The components of capital expenditures are:

a mine with a complex of mining and capital workings, buildings, structures and equipment;

concentrating plant with tailings facilities and circulating water supply;

a section of roads and railways from the deposit to the existing communication routes;

energy, water and heat supply, sewerage services;

environmental protection and nature restoration measures.

Capital and operating costs are determined by direct calculation and analogy with the design and actual (if any) indicators of fields being developed in similar conditions.

Capital investments in a processing plant are also determined by the unit cost per 1 ton of production capacity for the annual processing of mineral raw materials in an analog factory.

Off–site structures are evaluated by direct calculation using analogues and aggregated cost indicators of 1 km of road, power lines (hereinafter referred to as transmission lines), and water pipes.

The capital expenditures assumed by analogy are reduced to a single time, as a rule, by indexing current prices.

The operating costs depend on:

In open–pit mining, it depends on the annual productivity, types and sizes of the main equipment, vehicles, pit depth and overburden coefficient.

The costs of recultivation of disturbed lands are determined based on the area of disturbed lands and the unit cost of recultivation of 1 hectare.

The cost of mineral processing is determined in accordance with the planned productivity of the factory, the method of processing and the composition of ores.

General plant costs depend on the cost of extraction and enrichment and usually amount to 8-10% of workshop costs.

Non-production costs consist of workshop loading and unloading operations and concentrate transportation to the public railway line.

Environmental protection costs depend on the nature of the production activity and local conditions, are calculated separately and are included in the operating costs.

The main components of the operating cost estimate are:

payroll charges (social tax, compulsory insurance of civil liability of the employer);

the cost of raw materials, fuel, and spare parts at current prices. For processing plants, the choice of reagents and the stock of reagents are determined by analogy with similar enterprises.;

the cost of electricity and heat at current tariffs. The amount of electricity consumed is calculated based on the specific power of the electrical equipment used.;

current costs of restoration;

repair and maintenance of fixed assets;

depreciation charges;

management expenses.

An important component of economic calculations is the determination of the costs of metallurgical processing of raw materials, usually including:

transportation costs of ore and concentrate;

metallurgical conversion costs;

other costs of product sales (insurance, marketing, etc.).

24. The feasibility study of the conditions provides for compensation for losses of land users in accordance with the Land Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

A subsurface user who carries out his activities on the basis of a contract concluded in accordance with the law deducts the amount of deductions to the fund for the elimination of the consequences of field development (reserve fund). The amount and procedure of contributions to this fund are established by the contract for subsurface use.

The economic assessment of the environmental protection measures envisaged in the feasibility study is carried out in accordance with the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

25. Prices for mineral products are the most important component in any geological and economic assessment of a deposit. They are accepted on the basis of prices published in the press and special editions of the London Metal Exchange.

When determining prices for metals and other types of mineral raw materials, it is necessary to base on the dynamics of changes in prices and exchange rates over a long period of time (20-25 years), which makes it possible to eliminate significant fluctuations in these indicators in different years. In the calculations of the feasibility study, prices in tenge and US dollars are used to determine the cost of final products and other indicators.

There are several sources of financing for projects in the mining industry:

corporatization;

credit;

at their own expense.

The loan fee and the "interest rate" are paid within the time limits agreed upon in the agreement between the lender and the mining company.

The current value of future income is calculated according to the formula in accordance with paragraph 69 of these Methods.

The future cost of the project is calculated using a discount rate.

26. To make an optimal decision on the economic efficiency of industrial development of the estimated field, a comparative financial analysis of the calculated reserves is carried out with various options for on-board maintenance, technologies, methods and systems of development. Assessment options are determined individually for each specific object.

27. The main economic indicators and concepts used in assessing a deposit and determining the balance sheet ownership of its reserves are:

cash flow;

discount rate;

pure modern value;

internal rate of return (internal rate of return);

the payback period of investments and others.

Cash flow is the movement of cash, future real cash receipts (inflows) and expenses (outflows) during the operation of the field, illustrating the financial results from the possible implementation of the project. It is defined as the annual difference between gross profit from sales of products and taxes paid, interest on loans, and working capital (net cash flow). Calculations are carried out for the period of the reserve development period.

The calculation of cash flow is generally based on the following basic conditions:

The cost of marketable products is determined without value added tax (hereinafter referred to as VAT), based on the projected (real) prices of the domestic or global market for final products.;

the amount of capital investment is determined as much as possible by direct calculation;

Operating costs are determined using standards based on the solutions of the technological parts of the feasibility study or by cost elements excluding VAT.;

The amount of working capital is usually assumed to be equal to 2-3 months of operating costs;

Depreciation is calculated according to current standards and is not included in production costs when calculating gross profit.;

The gross profit of an enterprise is defined as the difference between the cost of marketable products and operating costs.;

Taxable profit is defined as the difference between the cost of marketable products and production costs, depreciation, taxes and fees attributed to the cost of production. Income tax is accepted at the maximum corporate income tax rate according to the Tax Code (30%). As a result of income tax deduction, we get a net profit. Net profit plus depreciation (since it was taken away only for tax purposes, it does not incur real monetary expenses), minus capital expenditures – as a result, we get a net cash flow for the current period. Summing up the net cash flows for each period, we get the cumulative (accumulated) cash flow since the beginning of the period under review.

When calculating the cash flow, the reduction of non-recurring costs and revenues to the initial assessment period is carried out using the discounting procedure.

The formula for calculating the discount rate is provided in paragraph 70 of these Guidelines.

The discount rate plays an important role in economic calculations to determine discounted cash flow and allows you to calculate the net present value of an object and the internal rate of return.

During the feasibility study of the basic version of industrial conditions, the discount rate is assumed to be 10%.

Multiplying the net cash flow by the corresponding discount factor yields discounted cash flow. Next, similarly to the above, the accumulated discounted cash flow is calculated.

The net present (present) value is the sum of discounted cash flows over the time period under consideration. The net present (present) value is equal to the accumulated discounted cash flow over the past year.

Discounting of cash flows in the economic justification of industrial conditions is usually carried out with several variants of the discount rate values, on the basis of which the value of the internal rate of return (hereinafter referred to as IRR) is determined.

The degree of profitability of investments is characterized by an internal rate of return. The internal rate of return is a discount rate that equates the net present value (NPV) of a project to zero. In other words, it is a discount rate at which the present value of future cash flows (profits) is the percentage of capital investments is equal to the amount of these investments.

IRR calculations are generally based on the equations specified in paragraph 71 of these Methods.

The exact calculation of the internal rate of return is carried out using the IRR function built into the Excel add-ons. The IRR function calculates the discount rate iteratively, at which NPV is 0. The payback period is the time interval between the initial investment and receiving the invested amount back from the annual cash flow.

The moment when the value in the "cumulative cash flow" line changes from negative to positive is the moment of the return on investment.

The payback period is determined by the formula:

Payback period = The number of years with a negative cumulative cash flow value + (1 is the first positive value of accumulated cash flow /net cash flow for the same year).

28. With a standard feasibility study of the conditions, the optimal option is taken to ensure the maximum total economic effect of investments over the entire period of field development, expressed in the amount of total cash flow from the sale of marketable products, taking into account the use of both basic and associated minerals and components.

Calculations are made separately for each stage (period) and for the entire period of the company's existence during the development of the deposit in queues and the difference between individual periods in terms of mining, geological, technical and economic indicators.

The final indicators of technical and economic calculations are presented in the form of a summary table.

The parameters of the conditions are set based on the indicators of the optimal option.

29. The financial assessments carried out within the framework of the feasibility study include consideration of the main negative and positive factors affecting the magnitude (sensitivity analysis of the project). Negative and positive factors include possible changes in prices for finished products (the most significant factor), fluctuations in the actual average concentrations of useful components in ores, and possible errors in estimates of capital and operating costs. The impact of all these factors on the project economy is investigated using special calculations illustrating the change in the dependence of the IRR NPV. There are usually 3 options (optimal, optimistic, and pessimistic) for values of fluctuating variables (price, quality of raw materials, operating costs, and output).

Paragraph 2. Mining and geological conditions for calculating reserves

30. When setting the boundaries of open-pit mining, it is recommended to be guided by the marginal overburden coefficient, which is determined by the ratio of the cost of underground and open-pit mining methods, according to the economically acceptable recoverable value attributable to production.

31. The optimal depth of underground mining is determined by comparing the technical and economic indicators of the excavation options.

32. The annual productivity of an underground mine or quarry is determined by the amount of annual decrease or the rate of advance of the mining face, or based on the life of the enterprise. The latter is calculated using the Taylor formula in accordance with paragraph 67 of these Methods.

33. The justification of the accepted mining systems is carried out taking into account the composition of minerals and host rocks, the conditions of occurrence of ore bodies, morphology, capacity, strike and fall sizes, and the provisions of regulations governing the mining of minerals in the Republic of Kazakhstan in compliance with safe working conditions.

34. Guided by the selected development systems, the ratio determines the amount of losses, dilution, the volume of mining and milling operations, labor productivity, consumption of materials, electricity. The parameters are accepted according to the existing analog enterprise, provided that the mining and geological conditions are similar and the annual productivity is close.

35. According to the established values of losses and dilution, the operational reserves of minerals, if there is a useful component in the dilution mass, its content in the operational reserves (SEKSP.) is determined taking into account the amount of the useful component in the dilution mass, calculated by the formulas specified in paragraph 68 of these Methods.

The proportion of diluting mass containing useful components is determined by the results of a cook calculation, by the position of the incremented stocks relative to the contours of the stocks of higher variants. The dilution mass for the reserves of the lower variant is taken with zero content, for the reserves of higher variants - according to the content of useful components in the incremented reserves.

36. The types of transportation (railway, automobile, conveyor, combined) of overburden rocks and minerals in the open-pit mining method are determined depending on the volume of rock mass by comparing the technical and economic indicators of the accepted transportation options.

37. The method of ventilation of mine workings is chosen depending on the volume and parameters of the structure. When conducting continuous face-cutting of extended and chambered workings with a cross-sectional area of up to 150 m2, in workings with a cross-sectional area of more than 150 m2, conducted by ledges, the injection ventilation method is adopted. The combined ventilation method is used to carry out workings with a cross-sectional area of more than 150 m2 in case of the possibility of difficult-to-ventilate stagnant zones, if necessary, to organize the movement of air to the exploding ledge and with a length of workings of more than 500 m.

38. Methods and systems of deposit drainage, types and types of drainage devices are determined taking into account the mining and hydrogeological conditions of the deposit, for the underground mining method, drainage devices are calculated for maximum water flows with a reserve. If there are operating mining enterprises with similar hydrogeological conditions in the field area, it is possible to use the actual drainage conditions of the enterprise.

39. Electricity supply to consumers is developed on the basis of technical specifications received from energy supply organizations. Electrical loads are determined by direct calculation, taking into account the coefficient of utilization and demand, adopted by analogy with existing enterprises.

40. For domestic drinking water pipes, it is advisable to maximize the use of all available groundwater resources that meet the requirements of current norms and regulations. The use of groundwater of economic and drinking quality for production needs is allowed in exceptional cases provided for by water legislation. The maximum coverage of the enterprise's consumers with recycled water supply or reuse systems is provided; with full use of mine waters, it is impossible, and discharge is permissible with appropriate treatment.

Drainage stations are provided for the reception of domestic wastewater.

41. When determining staff, they should be guided by labor productivity, the number of auxiliary workers, engineering and technical workers (hereinafter referred to as IT) and employees should be determined on the basis of existing standard structures, IT staff and employees of mining divisions, standards for the number of auxiliary workers in mines and mines of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, "Consolidated standards for the number of workers in industrial associations", according to enterprises-analogues (if available).

42. Disturbed lands of all categories of mining activities, adjacent land plots that have completely or partially lost their productivity are subject to reclamation. The costs of restoring disturbed land are attributed to the cost of the enterprise.

43. To accommodate industrial sites, waste rock dumps, and off-balance-sheet ores, it is necessary to use obviously ore-free territories unsuitable for agriculture. Waste rock dumps and off-balance ores should be located at the minimum allowable distance from the contour of the quarry. When arranging the situational master plan, in order to prevent land pollution, it is planned to install storage ponds, limit landfills with mountain ditches and collect stormwater into storage ponds or evaporators.

Paragraph 3. Conditions and inventory calculation

44. To calculate the reserves of solid minerals, the main condition parameters are determined (Appendix 1 to the Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons).

The main parameters of the conditions are the limiting values of natural indicators used for delineating, calculating and estimating reserves of various minerals. The conditions are determined taking into account the geological and mining conditions of the deposits, the requirements for the quantity and quality of the extracted raw materials and the final products produced from them.

45. The on–board content of useful components is the lowest content of useful components in samples included in the calculation of reserves when delineating (separating) a mineral body by capacity (crossing exploration production) in the absence of clear geological boundaries. It is allowed to apply on-board maintenance, especially in the presence of areas with intermittent mineralization and close intermittence of ore layers and empty (slightly mineralized) rocks, to the interval of exploration (production) production corresponding to the height of the production ledge (or approach), and, in particular, for quark-type deposits with a relatively low content of useful components.

The on–board content is expressed by the content of the useful component, in complex deposits - by the sum of the contents of useful components of industrial importance, reduced to the content of the conditional main component having the maximum recoverable value.

Reducing the content of the main component for complex ore deposits when delineating reserves according to on-board content options makes it possible to establish rational boundaries of ore bodies and parameters for calculating reserves and, accordingly, determine optimal technical and economic indicators. It is advisable to determine the on-board content of a component without reducing it to a conditional one for calculating reserves in cases where the recoverable value of each of the associated components is disproportionately small compared to the value of the main component and reducing them to the content of the conditional main component will not have a noticeable effect on the results of calculating reserves and the economic value of the deposit.

For deposits of mica, asbestos and similar minerals, the on-board content (yield) of a conditional grade of a useful component is established. This is due to the need for rational consideration of the grade composition of raw materials when determining and applying conditions, since prices for marketable products of various grades vary widely, and the grade composition of ores in different parts of the deposit is unstable.

The on-board content is determined on the basis of the standard technical and economic assessment of stocks, incremented with a decrease in the values of on-board contents. The optimal option is to ensure non-profit and break-even mining of the deposit. With positive and negative values of the economic indicator, there are adjacent options, the optimal value of the on-board content is determined by interpolation between them.

When the on-board content is variantly justified, the on-board content established by previously accepted conditions is taken as the base. Variants with higher and lower onboard contents are selected so that the difference in ore reserves calculated with a decrease (increase) in onboard contents is at least 10% of the total reserves of the nearest variant. With a smaller difference in stocks, the use of a cookery method to justify on-board maintenance is impractical. When choosing the interval between adjacent options for on-board content, the experience of geological and economic assessment and development of conditions for analog deposits, data on the statistical distribution of reserves by component content classes are taken into account. The lower limit of the on-board content in the case of cook calculations is determined by technological factors, therefore it is recommended not to lower the content level at which the useful component is not extracted into marketable products. The maximum value of the onboard content is limited to the minimum industrial content.

The number of options for on-board maintenance is selected in such a way that it is sufficient for an unambiguous feasibility study of the optimal value, but not less than three. Calculations are required for options with onboard contents both above and below optimal.

When calculating in an alternative way, along with the on-board content of the condition parameters taken into account when determining the contours of the calculation of reserves (minimum capacity of the ore body, maximum capacity of the intra-ore layers, the boundaries of the calculation of reserves for various mining methods, and others), it is necessary to justify by the criterion of maximum total profit for the estimated period (usually 10-15 years for medium and large deposits and more short term - for small ones). In this case, the justification and selection of the onboard contents and parameters of the conditions, accepted mining and technological solutions should be carried out on the basis of comparing the results of multivariate technical and economic calculations.

When making a cookbook justification, special attention is paid to the following factors:

the reliability of the determination of calculated parameters, initial data characterizing the conditions of occurrence, morphology and internal structure of ore bodies, the material composition and physico-mechanical properties of minerals for each of the assessed options of on-board content;

the completeness of accounting for the economic effect resulting from the integrated development of the deposit and the sale of associated minerals and components of industrial value;

the validity of the dynamics of changes in production volumes, indicators of losses and dilution of minerals during extraction, technology for processing mineral raw materials (extraction of a useful component, concentrate yield, component content in concentrate), capital costs and operating costs from option to option, since small errors in determining these indicators, allowed in one or another option, significantly They distort the estimate of incremented stocks and lead to an erroneous choice of the optimal on-board maintenance option.

For deposits, the reserves of which change little due to changes in the on-board content, the standard justification of on-board content does not justify itself. In such cases, analytical calculations are more accurate and less time-consuming. It is advisable to establish its optimal value based on the principle of payback of upcoming costs.

46. The minimum component content in the marginal mine should be regulated in cases where there is a regular decrease in the content of useful components in the marginal parts of ore bodies, since it is intended to outline the mineral along the strike and fall in order to exclude non-industrial reserves from the calculation.

Calculations of the minimum content in the marginal (contouring) production are performed in a variable way or analytically.

47. To calculate reserves within geological boundaries as a whole or in terms of the thickness of ore bodies (deposits), it is necessary to justify the criteria for their delineation. In particular, for vein pegmatite deposits and deposits of gold, rare and non-ferrous metals associated with the zones of metasomatite development, in the presence of formations of different mineral composition and ore specialization, a set of mineralogical and petrographic features is determined, on the basis of which the geological boundaries of ore bodies are established.

When mineralization occurs in certain industrial sites and in zones of near-contact metasomatically altered rocks (greisenization zones in rare-metal vein deposits), in conditions along with criteria for contouring ore bodies with clear geological boundaries, it is necessary to establish an on-board content for calculating ore reserves in zones of metasomatically altered host rocks.

48. The minimum industrial content of a useful component is the content at which the recoverable value of mineral raw materials ensures reimbursement of all costs of obtaining marketable products with zero profitability of production. The minimum industrial content and the minimum industrial content, depending on the type of commercial products obtained, are determined by the formula in accordance with paragraph 66 of this Methodology.

It is proposed to take into account the economic effect of using associated components and associated minerals when calculating the minimum industrial content by excluding additional profit (per 1 ton of ore produced) from operating costs, which is obtained through their sale.

49. The minimum content in the calculation block is regulated during the development of conditions for deposits developed by enterprises with poorly secured raw materials that are decaying (with an appropriate feasibility study). It is calculated based on the principle of payback of all upcoming operating costs and is determined using formulas similar to those used to calculate the minimum industrial content. At the same time, the cost of production includes cost elements that are associated with the development of the estimated blocks.

50. If there are several natural varieties of minerals in a deposit that differ in technological properties and require separate extraction and processing (or strictly dosed mixing), parameters are determined for separate calculation of their reserves in geometrized contours or statistically.

The on-board content and condition parameters required for calculating mineral reserves by type and grade are set for each type of ore.

For deposits of non-metallic raw materials (refractory and ceramic clays, limestones and carbonate rocks for various uses, molding sands, glass, and the like), the allocation of reserves of various industrial grades is carried out in accordance with state standards, and in the absence - on the basis of industry standards or technical specifications.

51. Conversion coefficients are used to reduce the contents of the useful components of complex ores to the content of the conditional component.

Coefficients for reducing the contents of various grades of mineral raw materials (mica, asbestos) to the content of the main conditional grade

They are determined based on the price ratio.

To reduce the contents of component i to the content of the main component j, formulas are used in accordance with paragraph 65 of these Methods.

52. When calculating the contents of a conditional component using conversion coefficients, components with a content not lower than the limit that determines the possibility of extraction in industrial conditions using the accepted technology of mineral processing are taken into account. These limits are set in the conditions as the minimum contents of the components that are taken into account when reducing to the content of the conditional component.

53. The maximum permissible concentrations of harmful impurities in minerals used without enrichment are established in accordance with the restrictions of state and industry standards and technical specifications. The restrictions apply to the counting block or the interval of exploration work corresponding to the height of the working ledge of the quarry.

With an increased content of harmful impurities in the mineral to be enriched (processed), the maximum permissible content of harmful components is established based on the results of technological tests confirming the possibility of obtaining conditioned finished products.

54. The minimum capacity of the mineral bodies included in the reserve counting circuits is established based on the use of optimal mining methods and systems for a given deposit, ensuring economically feasible completeness of extraction of mineral reserves from the subsurface.

Mining engineering justification takes into account:

the conditions of occurrence of mineral bodies, morphology and size, the complexity of the internal structure and the degree of variability in strike and fall, largely determine the choice of a deposit development system, the width of the treatment space, the possibility of sequential mining of individual mineral bodies.;

the strength and stability of ores (minerals) and host rocks, which determine the possibility of using mining systems and the choice of equipment for mining mechanization.

The distribution of reserves by capacity classes of mineral bodies is determined statistically by areas, bodies, and counting blocks representative of the estimated deposit.

The optimal value is determined based on direct technical and economic calculations for each of the power classes. The criterion for choosing the optimal ore body capacity using technical and economic calculations is the break-even production of final marketable products from additional reserves involved in mining while maintaining the required level of profitability for the entire deposit.

The indicator of the minimum capacity of ore bodies (and the maximum allowable capacity of the layers of waste rocks included in the calculation of reserves) is replaced by the conditions for assigning the on-board content of the useful component (other parameters regulating the quality of raw materials) to an interval corresponding to the height of the operational ledge (approach). The application of this condition is advisable for large deposits of relatively poor easily enriched ores, characterized by a complex internal structure and frequent intermittence of ore bodies with layers of substandard ores and waste rocks, for deposits of non-metallic minerals (flux, cement raw materials), while observing the necessary measures to average the extracted mineral raw materials.

Contouring of low-power ore bodies with a high content of useful components is carried out according to a metric percentage (metrogram), based on the established conditions of the minimum capacity of the mineral body and on-board content, and at the geological boundaries of the ore body - the minimum content for marginal production.

According to the conditions, the normal (true) body capacity of the mineral is established. When determining the minimum capacity at the intersection of exploration (production) production or horizontal capacity, a special justification is given.

55. The maximum allowable thickness of layers of waste rocks and substandard minerals included in the calculation of reserves should be established for mineral deposits used by industry without enrichment, based on the condition of compliance (when including these rocks in production) with state and industry standards, technical specifications and other industry restrictions on the quality of extracted mineral raw materials. Calculations of the quality of the extracted raw materials are carried out with a different ratio of the capacities of minerals and substandard interlayers (if necessary, technological tests) and, based on the calculation of the quality of the extracted raw materials, establish the maximum capacity of the interlayer at which it is still possible to obtain marketable products of the required quality. Its value is regulated by the conditions as a parameter of the maximum allowable thickness of the layers of waste rocks and substandard minerals.

For mineral deposits used after their enrichment, reserves are calculated at different interlayer capacities for each of the assessed on-board content options to substantiate this condition parameter.

The optimal value of this condition parameter is selected based on a comparison of technical and economic calculations. When extracting associated minerals and components, the possible additional economic effect is taken into account.

56. It is advisable to regulate the minimum reserves of isolated bodies (sections) of minerals if there are isolated ore bodies (sections) in deposits subject to underground mining that are located at a considerable distance from the main ore bodies and require additional excavation workings. The conditions establish conditions for assigning reserves of such ore bodies (sites) to the balance sheet.

When determining the feasibility of industrial development (break-even mining) of isolated ore bodies (sites), the formula of paragraph 66 of these Methods is used.

In each specific case, taking into account the actual data, it is necessary to consider various options for distances from isolated ore bodies to the main opening workings and component contents.

57. The ore content coefficient is used for deposits with intermittent, nested distribution of useful components, when conditioned ores are not outlined according to geological, mining and geological criteria during exploration and reserves are calculated statistically in the contours of the ore-bearing zone (deposits, bodies). The ore content coefficient is determined from the counting blocks mainly in a linear manner as the ratio of the intervals with a conditioned content to the total length of all workings completed in the ore-containing circuit. In the presence of operational work, the area and volume coefficients of ore content are taken into account.

When calculating reserves using the ore content coefficient, it is necessary to provide a justification for the conditions (or condition parameters) for establishing the outer boundaries of ore-bearing deposits (zones).

The minimum sizes of ore intervals included in the calculation of the ore content coefficient are determined based on the possibility and economic feasibility of selective excavation of ore bodies with an optimal development system for this deposit and are indicated in the conditions.

In case of uneven ore saturation of individual parts (counting blocks) of the deposit, the minimum allowable ore content coefficient for the counting blocks is set. The minimum allowable ore bearing coefficient is determined on the basis of direct technical and economic calculations based on the geological features of the deposit, the mining and geological conditions of its development, the corresponding estimated losses and dilution of ores and the value of mineral raw materials, taking into account the additional costs necessary to clarify the distribution boundaries of conditioned ores during operational exploration and selective extraction.

58. It is advisable to set the maximum allowable stripping coefficient in conditions where the maximum allowable stripping coefficient is applied when calculating balance reserves for individual accounting blocks (for placer deposits of gold, tin, titanium, and zirconium).

If it is impossible to determine the stripping coefficient for each of the counting blocks, reserves are calculated in economically reasonable quarry contours.

The maximum depth of reserves calculation for underground mining conditions is determined on the basis of direct technical and economic calculations, taking into account the recoverable value of the mineral and production costs, based on the conditions of break-even extraction of reserves incremented at deep horizons.

59. For complex deposits, based on a combination of geological and technological studies and technical and economic calculations in conditions, it is necessary to establish restrictions on the calculation of reserves of both basic and associated minerals and components and provide a list of them (separately for each technological type of ores).

The degree of study of associated minerals and components is regulated by the current regulatory documents on the comprehensive study of deposits and the calculation of reserves of associated minerals and components.

For all associated minerals (as well as for the main ones) of industrial importance, it is necessary to establish its own parameters of conditions.

It is recommended to establish conditions for delineating and calculating reserves of associated minerals when they are unevenly distributed and there are sites (counting blocks) with increased concentrations, as well as the technological feasibility and economic feasibility of selective mining of ores from such sites and their separate processing to obtain marketable products.

In the absence of the possibility and economic feasibility of selective ore extraction or separate enrichment and processing of concentrates with high concentrations of associated components, the parameters of the conditions for the maximum contents of associated components are not established. The expediency of calculating the balance reserves of such associated components at their actual contents in the subsurface should be determined on the basis of a technological and economic assessment.

60. In conditions for calculating coal and oil shale reserves, in addition to the above parameters, it is necessary to justify:

the maximum ash content of coal (for shale, the minimum heat of combustion in terms of dry fuel). For layers of complex structure (or parts of them subject to selective extraction), additionally, the maximum average stratum ash content is calculated and established, taking into account the contamination of coal (shale) by intra-stratum rock layers and unstable rocks of the roof and soil of the formation.;

the list of associated components (separately by technological types of minerals) for which reserves are required to be calculated, the minimum content of these components at the intersection or counting block;

a list of formations, sites, and blocks that are not being worked out due to particularly difficult mining and geological conditions or due to a small number of reserves, fragmentation, or intense disturbance by reducing them to conventional fuel;

special restrictions on the quality of coals (shales): sinterability, yield, tar content, sulfur, phosphorus and other harmful impurities.

The optimal parameters of the conditions are determined by the method of invariant calculations. The options under consideration include those for which the values of the condition indicators are set higher and lower than the presumably optimal ones. The optimal option for maximum coal ash content, minimum reservoir capacity, and other condition indicators is selected based on a comparison and analysis of enterprise capacity options, capital investments, production costs, and other technical and economic indicators.

61. For delineating and calculating reserves of man-made deposits, the same condition indicators are used as for natural deposits. The conditions for calculating the reserves of a man-made deposit should be developed in close conjunction with the conditions for the main (natural) types of minerals and approved in accordance with the established procedure. In this case, first of all, the possibility of using mining and processing waste independently or as a component of a charge for the manufacture of products whose raw material base in the area is limited or depleted is evaluated.

After the contours are established, the reserves of categories C1 and C2 are calculated according to the accepted conditions, and the average contents of useful components and harmful impurities are determined. All mining waste reserves are subject to approval by the State Commission on Mineral Reserves of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter – GKZ) in accordance with the established conditions.

62. Conditions for calculating off-balance sheet reserves are established when the possibility of storing them in the subsurface for subsequent extraction or the expediency of associated extraction, storage and preservation for future use is justified and, if necessary, confirmed by appropriate technical and economic calculations. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possible increase in the cost of mining off-balance sheet reserves due to the need to preserve off-balance sheet reserves in the subsurface or special dumps.

63. The following data is included in the inventory calculation:

1) substantiation of the accepted methods of calculating reserves of the main mineral, taking into account the geological features of the deposit, methods of its exploration and methods of development. Types of calculation schedules, their scale matching the inventory calculation conditions.

The submitted materials, prepared using information technology, include all the data necessary to substantiate the results of inventory calculations and conclusions about their reliability. The content and form of the materials make it possible to verify and, if necessary, re-process inventory count data without the personal participation of the authors.

The inventory calculation materials presented based on the results of the use of information technologies include an electronic database of primary geological, mining and economic data and the results of their processing, as well as text materials, tabular and graphical applications in paper and electronic form obtained on this basis.

The initial data is submitted for state examination in the form of a verified electronic database containing files of coordinates of the initial points of exploration workings, the results of borehole inclinometry and mine surveying measurements, documentation of exploration workings and their testing (all files with comprehensive information for creating a geological and mathematical model of the deposit). Graphic information (topographic basis, plans, sections, etc.) is presented in vector or raster digital formats (*.dxf, *.cdr, *.jpg, *.tiff, *.gif, *.tab (MapInfo format)) without distortion, with a coordinate grid, in compliance with its paper counterparts.

The initial data is presented in the form of tables combining the sampling logs and tables of highlighted intersections throughout the field, in files that are read using MS Office tools: MS Excel, MS Access. Software products working with various operating systems are provided with a standard interface for importing/exporting information databases from one system to another, as well as an interface for working with any peripheral.

For the period of the state expertise, the GKZ is provided with a copy of the software used in the preparation of the submitted materials, which is necessary to control the initial data and results of field modeling.

The categorization of reserves is regulated by the Instruction on the Classification of Reserves of Deposits and forecast Mineral Resources, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons.

The results of the reserves calculation performed on the basis of geostatistical modeling with the creation of a block model of the deposit can be compared with a three-dimensional model based on ore intersections identified using all the parameters of the conditions (on-board content, coefficients of conversion of components to a conditional component and their minimum contents for conversion to a conditional component, minimum ore body capacity, maximum thickness of the interlayer waste rocks and substandard ores).

This type of calculation is subject to control by one of the traditional methods of calculating reserves (geological blocks, sections, polygons, and others) in the amount of 25-50% (in agreement with the GKZ) of the total reserves submitted for consideration. The comparison is performed for the most representative areas of the deposit.

The results of inventory calculations performed using a specific information technology are provided with the possibility of reproduction based on the use of another information technology.

Materials on the calculation of mineral reserves are submitted as a matter of priority in electronic form. Composition of materials:

verified electronic database of primary geological data;

digital graphic materials;

text documents.

The electronic form is the main one and is used for conducting state expertise, verifying source data, reproducing calculation results and storing materials.

The presentation of materials on paper is allowed in a reduced volume and is of an auxiliary nature.

2) the conditions established for calculating reserves, the time of approval, the data of the consolidated technical and economic calculations confirming the possibility of applying the conditions in modern economic conditions (if there are significant discrepancies between the initial data accepted in the feasibility study of the conditions and the materials of subsequent exploration), justifying the changes made to them;

3) the principles of contouring mineral bodies, the adopted extrapolation methodology, the results of various types of research and geostatistical modeling used in contouring, the justification of deviations from the conditions when contouring mineral bodies and the assessment of the impact on the calculation results;

4) if geophysical methods are used in the exploration of a deposit, the degree of use of the information obtained for delineating mineral bodies, clarifying the internal structure, determining the average contents of the most important components, the degree of fracturing and parameters is reflected. The number of mineral intervals is indicated, according to which the content of useful components is assumed from geophysical data, blocks, sites, and bodies of minerals are listed, the reserves of which are fully or partially calculated from geophysical data.;

5) a list of mining intervals and wells, exploration lines, data on which were not used in the calculation of reserves, the reasons for exclusion from the calculation;

6) principles and validity of allocation of accounting blocks, justification of reserve categories according to the degree of exploration;

7) methods for determining the average values of calculated parameters: capacities, contents of useful components and harmful impurities, volume mass, humidity, estimated areas, volumes of blocks and reserves of minerals and technological types. Accepted statistical methods for accounting for substandard sites, reserves of technological types of minerals, and the yield of grades and grades of mineral raw materials. Application of the ore content coefficient in the calculation of reserves. Correction factors used in the calculation of individual parameters;

8) for placer deposits – determination and accounting of the boulderiness of loose sediments, for deposits of carbonate rocks, gypsum and anhydrite – karst;

9) substantiation of the methodology for identifying outstanding ("hurricane") mineral component contents and capacities of mineral bodies, limiting the impact of the calculation of reserves; analysis of the impact of the limitation of "hurricane" values on the results of the calculation of reserves by counting blocks, categories, sites and the field as a whole;

10) the results of the calculation by groups and categories of stocks; for off–balance sheet stocks, their distribution according to the reasons for which they are classified as off-balance sheet. Data on stocks that are calculated in blocks affected by mining or prepared for excavation, in security structures;

11) accepted methods for calculating reserves of associated components: by content in ordinary, group samples, by content in monomineral samples, concentrates, for the whole deposit, for individual mineral bodies, in counting blocks; methods for calculating gross and recoverable reserves of associated components of group 3, including minerals, laboratory concentrates, by correlation method and the like.

Substantiation of the assignment of reserves of associated components to different categories depending on the category of reserves and the study of the technological properties of the main mineral enclosing them and other data. The results of calculating reserves of associated components for the deposit as a whole, mineral bodies, industrial types of minerals, groups and categories of reserves, and methods of mining minerals;

12) summary table of balance sheet and off-balance sheet stocks of basic and associated valuable components by industrial types and grades, counting blocks and categories of stocks;

13) comparison of calculated mineral reserves and valuable components with those recorded by the State Balance of Mineral Reserves, if there are discrepancies, an analysis of the reasons for the discrepancy;

14) substantiation of the reliability of calculated mineral reserves.

Paragraph 4. Formulas used in calculating reserves of solid minerals

64. The minimum industrial content is used as a criterion for determining the balance of stocks in accounting blocks and is determined analytically based on the following ratio:

where CMIN is the minimum industrial content of the useful component, % (if it is determined in grams (hereinafter referred to as g) per ton (hereinafter referred to as t) or cubic meter (hereinafter referred to as m3), the multiplier of 100 is excluded from the numerator); H is the total operating costs for the extraction and processing of 1 ton of ore, in US dollars; C is the selling price of a unit of marketable products obtained during ore processing, in US dollars); I is the end–to–end extraction of a useful component into marketable products from mineral raw materials, fractions of a unit; p is the coefficient that takes into account dilution during extraction, fractions of a unit.

The minimum industrial content, depending on the type of commercial products obtained, is determined by the following formulas:

for ores processed to commercial concentrates, at prices for concentrates with a specified useful component content

at the prices of the useful component contained in concentrates

for ores processed to commercial metals with the inclusion of processing conversion

for ores processed to commercial metals without enrichment

where Z is the cost of extraction and enrichment (ZD is the cost of extraction only) of 1 ton of ore without the cost of paying off exploration, in US dollars; Z1 is the cost of extraction and enrichment of 1 ton of ore, taking into account the cost of paying off exploration, in US dollars; ZM is the cost of metallurgical conversion for 1 tons of marketable metal, in US dollars; ZM.YEAR – the same head stages, in US dollars/ 1 ton of ore; and ZM.CON. – the same end stages, in US dollars/1 ton of metal; ZTR.K and ZTR.P is the cost of transporting the concentrate per 1 ton of commercial metal and for transporting 1 ton of commercial ore, in US dollars; GRR is the standard for repayment of exploration costs per 1 ton of metal in the subsurface, in US dollars; CC, CM.CON. and CM is the price of 1 ton of concentrate with metal content (a), metal in concentrate and marketable metal, in US dollars; ID, IO, IM – extraction of metal during mining, processing and metallurgical conversion, fractions of a unit.

In the absence of established repayment rates for exploration costs, in the above formulas, the expressions

and

they are not counted.

For ore deposits (placers) being worked out in an open-pit manner, the nature of which makes it possible to determine the overburden coefficient for each of the calculated blocks (for shallow and shallow-lying placers, deposits of solid minerals, or deposits represented by relatively small isolated ore bodies that will be worked out by independent quarries), the minimum industrial content is determined taking into account the overburden coefficient. the corresponding counting block (ore body). To do this, the minimum industrial content is first established, based on the costs of zero stripping, the resulting value is increased by the content that compensates for the cost of stripping, which is determined taking into account the stripping coefficient, the estimated counting block (ore body, placer). Calculations are performed using the following formulas:

minimum industrial content at zero overburden

minimum industrial content for the estimated block (ore body, placer)

where MIN.NV. is the minimum industrial content at zero stripping, %, (g/t, g/m3); ZN.V. is the cost of extraction and processing of 1 ton, m3 of ore (sands) at zero stripping, in US dollars; KV is the stripping coefficient for the estimated block, t/t, m3/m3, m3/t; SV – the cost of 1 ton or 1 m3 of stripping, in US dollars.

65. Coefficients for reducing the contents of various grades of mineral raw materials (mica, asbestos) to the content of the main conditional grade should be determined based on the ratio of their prices.

The following formulas are used to reduce the contents of component i to the content of the main component j:

for ores processed to commercial concentrates

for ores processed to commercial metals, with the inclusion of processing conversion

for ores processed to commercial metals (without enrichment)

To reduce the contents of individual grades (ic) of mineral raw materials (mica, asbestos, etc.) to the content of the main conditional grade (jc), the formula is used: KIC/JC = CIC/ CJC.

66. When determining the feasibility of industrial development (break-even mining) of isolated ore bodies (sites), one can be guided by the formula:

where QMIN is the minimum ore reserves in isolated ore bodies (sites) at specified distances from the main ore bodies of the deposit and the content of useful components in the ores; ZDOP is the additional costs associated with the opening and processing of the ore body (site), in US dollars; QI is the recoverable value of all useful components per 1 ton ores, in US dollars; PO – operating costs for extraction and processing to final marketable products of 1 ton of ore of estimated (isolated) ore bodies excluding ZDOP, in US dollars; n and r are coefficients that take into account operational losses and ore dilution.

67. The annual productivity of an underground mine or quarry is determined by the amount of annual decrease or the rate of advance of the mining face, or based on the life of the enterprise. The latter is calculated using the Taylor formula:

t or

million tons (hereinafter referred to as million tons), where T is the duration of field development, years; Q is the total ore reserves in tons or million tons.

Then the performance (A) will be equal to:

68. The operational reserves of minerals are calculated according to the established values of losses and dilution.:

where QEXP. – operational reserves, thousand tons (hereinafter – thousand tons); QGEOL. - geological reserves, thousand tons; P – losses, %; P – dilution, %.

If there is a useful component in the dilution mass, its content in operational reserves (SEKSP.) is determined taking into account the amount of useful component in the dilution mass according to the following formula:

where SG is the content of the useful component in geological reserves, %; CP is the content of the useful component in the diluting mass, %; QPOT. – the amount of reserves lost in the subsurface, thousand tons; Q Time. – the amount of diluting mass, thousand tons; n is the proportion of diluting mass containing a useful component, %.

69. The current value of future income is calculated using the formula:

where S is the amount of debt payable after "n" years; I is the investment (the principal amount of debt); i is the interest rate; n is the number of years.

70. The discount rate is determined by the formula:

where i is the discount rate (a fraction of a unit); n is the billing year number.

71. Calculations of the internal rate of return (hereinafter referred to as IRR) are generally based on the following equations:

with uneven annual cash flows

with equal annual cash flows

where I is the investment in the project (investment); qt is the discount coefficient; bn is the annuity coefficient; CF is the net cash flow.

Chapter 3. Methodology for calculating operational groundwater reserves

Paragraph 1. Requirements for calculating groundwater reserves

72. The text part is compiled according to the following scheme:

introduction;

general information about the area of work and the deposit (site);

geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the deposit (site);

analysis of the operating mode of existing water intakes;

methodology and main results of exploration hydrogeological works;

characteristics of groundwater and surface water quality;

determination of calculated parameters and justification of other data for inventory calculation;

calculation of operational groundwater reserves;

assessment of the impact of groundwater extraction on the environment and measures to protect it;

recommendations for the design and operation of water intakes;

conclusion.

73. The scheme of the report and the volume of the text part as a whole and each of the listed sections are determined by the authors depending on the complexity of the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit, the number of estimated intake sites and aquifers, as well as the complexity of the issues under consideration and their significance for assessing operational reserves.

74. To reduce the text part, it is rational to use the tabular form of information and substantiate the main provisions with diagrams, graphs, and illustrations.

75. Introduction:

justification of the water demand, data on the existing water supply of the facility, comparison of approved reserves and actual water extraction with the demand, sources of its satisfaction, justification of the need for exploration hydrogeological work at the deposit (site);

purpose of groundwater, requirements for its quality and mode of operation;

data on the scheme of water intake, the possibility of using groundwater for its intended purpose and conditions of water use;

possible impact of water extraction on the environment, for mineral, industrial and thermal energy waters – the possibility of dumping, recycling or burial of used waters (industrial effluents);

planned terms of development of the deposit (site);

information on previously approved or approved operational groundwater reserves in the area (dates and numbers of protocols of previous approvals or approbation of reserves by the GKZ, the Interregional Commission on Mineral Reserves (hereinafter referred to as the ICZ) or the state Commission for the Examination of subsurface resources (hereinafter referred to as the GKEN), reserves by category in tabular form, as well as on proven, but unapproved stocks;

implementation of the recommendations of the GKEN (GKZ, MKZ) contained in previous decisions on the considered and similar deposits (sites) of the area;

information about the executing organization and co-executors (by type of work), the timing of field and desk work, the list of persons performing the work, the degree of their participation in conducting research and compiling the report.

76. General information about the area of work and the deposit (site):

information about the administrative and geographical location of the deposit (site): its distance to water consumption facilities, the nearest settlements and distances to them, communication routes, boundaries of the deposit (site) and its area;

climate information: meteorological study of the area (meteorological stations, their altitude position and period of operation); brief information on air temperature, precipitation (monthly and annual amounts for characteristic years, precipitation infiltration coefficients), evaporation from surface and groundwater mirrors, snow cover (long-term values and distribution by month or season); assessment of the water content of the research period in a multi-year context;

for drinking and industrial water deposits, information on hydrological conditions: hydrographic network of the research area, morphometric characteristics of watercourses, reservoirs and floodplain areas, network of irrigation channels, areas occupied for irrigated agriculture; hydrological study – a network of hydrological stations and water measuring posts, information on stationary and expeditionary research (location of observation points, catchment areas, zero marks of graphs and composition of observations), assessment of the reliability of observational data and the degree of hydrological study; general characteristics of the hydrological regime, characteristics of nutrition and ice regime, information on average monthly, annual and extreme values of water levels and expenditures for characteristic years, marks of water outlet to the floodplain, frequency, duration and boundaries of floodplain flooding, the nature of deformability of the riverbed and banks, freezing and drying of watercourses (reservoirs) and the duration of the period of absence of runoff, the period of runoff deficit, the ratio of the amount of surface runoff to the scale of the planned groundwater extraction; information about land reclamation measures, the degree of violation of the natural flow regime under the influence of man-made factors.

77. Geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the deposit (site):

geological structure of the area: brief information about the stratigraphy, lithology, tectonics and history of the geological development of the area; the relationship of the deposit with certain rock complexes and geological structures; when calculating groundwater reserves in Quaternary sediments – a brief geomorphological description of the area;

hydrogeological conditions of the area: the position of the research area in the general scheme of hydrogeological zoning of Kazakhstan; brief information on the nature of the water content of rocks of the stratigraphic section to a depth of interest for solving the tasks; distribution, thickness, structure and stability of aquifers (complexes) and the water-resistant (weakly permeable) strata separating them; the position of groundwater levels; the nature of changes filtration properties of water-bearing rocks by area and section; flow rates and specific flow rates of wells, flow rates of springs and group water intakes; conditions of groundwater supply and discharge, the nature of the relationship between groundwater and surface waters, as well as aquifers of multi-layered systems among themselves; the quality of groundwater and related surface waters;

comparative assessment of aquifers (complexes) and individual sites, justification of the choice of facilities (aquifers or complexes and sites within them) for the exploration work performed;

assessment of the degree of geological, hydrogeological, hydrological, and geophysical exploration of the area and the deposit (site), which determined the direction, methodology, and volume of exploration hydrogeological work performed;

brief information about the discovery, exploration and development of the estimated deposit (site);

features of the relief and geomorphology of the area of the deposit (site), forest cover or swampiness, the presence of watercourses, reservoirs, buildings and agricultural land, engineering and geological conditions of construction at the water intake site;

geological and hydrogeological conditions of the deposit (site): the nature of occurrence and distribution of exposed aquifers, the position of groundwater levels;

thickness, composition, and facies variability of the water–bearing rocks, and for fractured and karst rocks, the characteristics of fracturing and karstiness by area and section.;

possible conditions for the interrelation of aquifers with each other and with surface waters;

characteristics of separating water-resistant or weakly permeable formations;

general characteristics of filtration properties of water–bearing rocks, their variability in area and section; when assessing groundwater reserves of the first from the surface of aquifers, as well as when justifying measures for artificial recharge of water intakes - lithological composition and thickness of rocks of the aeration zone, their permeability, granulometric and water-salt composition; main sources of groundwater supply, characteristics conditions of their unloading;

conclusions about the degree of complexity of the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit (site) and the main factors determining the formation of operational reserves.

78. Analysis of the operating mode of existing water intakes:

data on water intakes operating in the area: water supply facilities, placement of water intakes, their types, location schemes and technical condition, construction of operational, observation wells, and other capital structures; the nature of the opening of productive aquifers; method and degree of opening, mode of operation; duration of the water intake, productivity, dynamic water levels, and their changes over the entire period period of operation and by seasons; changes in water quality during operation and on an annual basis; methods and frequency of measurements of flow rates, levels and temperature of water, method of quality control and assessment of reliability of measurements and analyses;

description and interpretation of the main patterns of the groundwater operation regime, conclusions about the nature of the operation regime (steady, unsteady) and the causes of its conditioning; qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the main sources of formation of operational groundwater reserves; determination of the main calculated hydrogeological parameters according to the operation data;

for mineral, industrial, and thermal energy waters – changes in the total water intake capacity over time over the entire period of operation, the reasons for this change (restriction of water intake, expansion of water intake, transfer of wells to another method of groundwater exploitation, natural causes related to the natural possibilities of the deposit); changes in temperature and quality of groundwater (ion-salt composition, mineralization, content of beneficial and harmful components, gas component, mechanical impurities); aggressiveness of groundwater, salt leaching processes; methods of discharge, utilization or burial of used waters (industrial effluents);

assessment of the impact of groundwater extraction on the environment: shallowing of reservoirs, reduction of surface runoff, changes in vegetation, activation of karst and other geological processes, subsidence of the surface;

if there are existing artificial feeding systems for drinking water intakes in the area, a brief description of their operation is given; service life, scheme and dimensions of infiltration facilities, their performance; technology, mode and parameters of artificial feeding of intakes - filling depth and infiltration rate for pools, pressure and water absorption rate of injection wells, duration of continuous infiltration (filter cycle) and breaks for cleaning infiltration facilities; groundwater regime; the quality of water supplied for infiltration and data on changes in groundwater quality during artificial recharge of intakes; characteristics of rock coloration processes and data on the formation of silty sediment at the bottom of basins; comparison of the experience of infiltration facilities with the results of forecasts obtained during the hydrogeological justification of artificial recharge of intakes.

79. Methodology and main results of exploration hydrogeological works:

tasks and methods of exploration work, depending on the required degree of preparation of the deposit (site) for further exploration or development, for mineral, thermal, and industrial water deposits - justification for the choice of areas for exploration and the depth of research; a summary table of the types and volumes of work performed is compiled in any form.;

the system of placement, quantity, purpose, depths, diameters and designs of exploration wells (workings), sequence, methods and technology of drilling wells or sinking mine workings (pits, ditches, pits);

for mineral, industrial, and thermal power water deposits: methods of cementing the annulus and checking the tightness of the casing string; characteristics of the work performed on grouting and eliminating defective wells; a list of wells (workings) that are not subject to accounting when calculating reserves, and the reasons for their exclusion; justification of the types, volumes, and methods of conducting research in wells during Drilling: geophysical, interval testing; preparation of wells for testing: method of opening productive horizons and characteristics of the water intake part of the well; pumping of the well; work on intensification of inflow; wellhead equipment for experimental work; used water lifting equipment, its main technical data; measuring equipment, its technical characteristics; procedure for separate testing of aquifers and zones, methods of isolating them from each other friend and insulation reliability checks;

types and volumes of pilot filtration work (pumping, discharge, filling, injection), schemes of experimental bushes;

description of the methodology and technology of experimental filtration operations: pumping equipment, the degree and nature of the disturbance, the duration of the total and at certain stages of flow rate, timing to a certain season, methods and frequency of measurements of levels and flow rates in wells; characteristics of other factors affecting the pumping or discharge regime (barometric pressure, level change and expenditures of surface and groundwater in natural and disturbed conditions); characteristics of the discharge of pumped waters, preventing the possibility of their re-infiltration into the studied aquifer, as well as negative effects on the environment; duration and frequency of observations of the restoration of the level; nature, scope and methodology of research related to the study of the aggressiveness of the assessed therapeutic mineral, industrial, thermal and energy groundwater and precipitation of salts from them, as well as conditions of discharge (burial) of used waters (industrial effluents); results of pilot filtration works;

types, volumes and methods of conducting geophysical research; completeness of the use of their results in the processing of data on the exploration of the field;

composition and methodology of observations of the groundwater regime, hydrological and water balance studies, location of observation posts, composition, volume and methodology of observations and studies, main results;

the composition, volumes and methods of work performed during the inspection of existing water intakes and their artificial feeding systems;

the composition and scope of work to study the quality of groundwater and surface waters, taking into account the intended use of water and the presence of possible sources of contamination; justification of the frequency of sampling and the density of the sampling network by area and depth; the number of control analyses;

for industrial and thermal energy waters with associated components – methods and places of technological sampling, their quantity and volume; the name of institutes, laboratories or enterprises that conducted research, the time of their conduct;

methods and volumes of testing of rocks composing aquifers separating their weakly permeable layers and aeration zone, with justification of the purpose of various types of definitions, network density and sampling intervals: methods of analysis;

tasks and methods of conducting special studies (radioisotope, indicator, hydrogeothermal, terrestrial geophysical, specialized surveys), indicating the volume, density of the network and frequency of their implementation, their results;

during exploration work in areas where artificial recharge of water intakes was provided – justification of the accepted method of artificial feeding, the design, size and number of experimental infiltration facilities, the layout of observation wells and other observation points, the total duration and mode of experimental filling or injection, the method and frequency of measuring the levels and flow of water supplied to the pool or injection well, the method and frequency of sampling surface and groundwater various types of analyses during experimental infiltration in basins or during injection (filling) into wells: a methodology for studying the process of colmatation of rocks in the aeration zone, the method, frequency and volume of sampling of silty sediment and silted soils to determine their physico-mechanical and water-physical properties, research results;

conclusions about the completeness of the study of the deposit (site) and the sufficiency of the results obtained to substantiate the filtration scheme, water intake scheme, calculation of operational groundwater reserves, assessment of the impact of water extraction on the environment.

80. Characteristics of groundwater and surface water quality:

general characteristics of the hydrochemical conditions of the deposit (site); detailed characteristics of the water quality of the assessed aquifers: water type, fluctuation limits and characteristic values of total mineralization and hardness, the content of the main chemical components and organic indicators and their changes by seasons; the content of components and the values of indicators normalized in accordance with the intended use of water in comparison with the maximum permissible: assessment of water quality compliance with the requirements: in case of deviations from the requirements, recommendations for improving water quality (softening, de–icing, disinfection, fluorination, de-fluorination, demangination);

factors determining the formation of the salt composition of water; a detailed description of possible sources of changes in the quality of the assessed groundwater during operation – attracted surface waters, groundwater from other aquifers, substandard waters from the assessed aquifers; forecast of changes in water quality and its conditioning for the estimated period of water consumption;

sanitary characteristics of the field territory and the water intake site; existing and potential sources of pollution of groundwater and related surface waters; justification of sanitary protection zones (hereinafter referred to as WSS) of water intake; recommended measures to protect surface and groundwater from pollution;

when using surface waters for artificial feeding of intakes - characteristics of the quality of these waters and its changes by seasons and over a long period, as well as changes in the degree of pollution of the river (reservoir) and the content of mechanical impurities in the water; forecast of changes in the quality of groundwater during artificial feeding of intakes, taking into account the processes of mixing and self-purification during infiltration; recommendations for periodic disconnection of the water supply or the use of pre-treatment methods.

81. Determination of calculated parameters and justification of other data for inventory calculation:

calculated hydrogeological parameters and other data necessary for calculating reserves; methods of interpretation of the results of the performed studies; calculation formulas and justification of their application;

the results of calculations of hydrogeological parameters: filtration coefficients, piezo conductivity and level conductivity, water loss, filtration coefficients of separating layers, overflow coefficients, resistance of channel sediments, filtration coefficients of rocks of the aeration zone and filtration parameters of the silted layer, power and other parameters and data used in calculating groundwater reserves; analysis of the reliability of particular values and principles of their rejection; methods of averaging parameters, selection of calculated values and justification of the possibility of using them in calculating reserves; in case of variability of parameters – justification of the revealed patterns of their change in area and section; blocking of the deposit (site) according to the calculated values of the parameters.

82. Calculation of operational groundwater reserves:

requirements for the regime and operating conditions of the assessed groundwater: estimated water consumption period, schedule of required water extraction in the intra-annual context, maximum depths of dynamic water levels, minimum flow rates of wells;

substantiation of the accepted principles of schematization of natural conditions, the calculation scheme, the method of calculating reserves and calculated dependencies; calculation of operational groundwater reserves with all the initial data included in the calculated dependencies (including with several calculation options according to different schemes, indicating the proposed for approval);

when calculating groundwater reserves by mathematical modeling methods - substantiation of the model's detail in accordance with the nature of the problem being solved and the peculiarities of natural conditions; methodology for constructing a calculation scheme, its description; characteristics of technical means and the validity of their use in solving the problem; justification of accepted methods and algorithms for solving; principles of dividing the filtration field into blocks; methodology for setting initial and boundary conditions, methods for solving inverse, inversion and predictive problems; description and analysis of the data obtained; the results of calculating the cost balance for the main final solutions to inverse and predictive tasks;

when calculating reserves, taking into account artificial recharge of water intakes, a forecast of the average annual infiltration rate for a filter cycle of groundwater replenishment volumes, a justification for the optimal removal of infiltration facilities from the intake (based on the required degree of water purification), the duration of continuous infiltration, the number and duration of cleaning of infiltration facilities; justification of the adopted method of calculating operational reserves and the results of the reserve assessment, taking into account the artificial recharge of water intakes in relation to the recommended scheme of infiltration facilities and the planned mode of their operation;

the calculation of operational groundwater reserves in case of uneven water consumption during the year (irrigation of land, irrigation of pastures) is carried out for conditions of continuous uniform water extraction, taking into account a given uneven regime of water consumption during the last year (reserves are submitted for approval with categorization in relation to continuous operation);

sources of formation of operational groundwater reserves; calculations of the values of natural reserves and resources, as well as attracted groundwater reserves of the deposit (site); availability of operational groundwater reserves based on the calculation of the total water balance of the deposit and a quantitative assessment of the main sources of formation of operational groundwater reserves;

principles of categorization of operational groundwater reserves in accordance with the degree of their study; determination of the balance sheet of reserves, the number of calculated reserves - total and by category (given in tabular form as a whole by deposit and separately by sites, aquifers, quality indicators and target use of water).

83. Assessment of the impact of groundwater extraction on the environment and measures to protect it:

assessment of the impact of the planned water intake over the estimated period of water consumption on existing water intakes (the amount of additional level cuts, possible changes in operational reserves);

forecast of changes in surface runoff, the magnitude of its possible reduction (comparison of natural discharge of groundwater, withdrawal of part of transit runoff), forecast of changes in the living cross-section, shallowing of lakes, reservoir area;

forecast of changes in the groundwater level and the associated forecast of possible vegetation changes (if there is data on the relationship between the conditions of their development and the position of the groundwater level);

forecast of possible subsidence of the Earth's surface associated with the processes of secondary consolidation of drained rocks, intensification of suffusion-karst processes;

environmental protection measures.

84. Recommendations for the design and operation of water intakes:

recommendations on the layout of water intake facilities, their structures, the mode of operation of groundwater, the number and location of reserve wells and points of the observation network, the composition of routine observations of the quantity and quality of groundwater taken and the development of depression, on artificial recharge of water intakes;

recommendations on the rational use of groundwater; measures to protect groundwater from depletion and pollution;

the procedure and sources of compensation for damage to surface runoff (if necessary).

85. Conclusion:

the main conclusions about the degree of study of the geological structure and hydrogeological conditions of the deposit (site), the quality of groundwater and the conditions of their operation;

the number of operational reserves by category to be submitted for approval, and, if necessary, the prospects for increasing the groundwater reserves of the deposit (site);

conclusions on the impact of groundwater exploitation of the explored deposit (site) on the overall water balance of the area and the environment;

recommendations on the direction of further exploration hydrogeological work in the area and at the field.

Paragraph 2. Requirements for revaluation of operational groundwater reserves

86. The scheme according to which the text part of the report is compiled varies depending on the reasons on the basis of which the inventory is revalued.

87. Collectively, all deposits (sites) for which a revaluation of reserves is required are divided into 2 main groups:

1) the first group is the scouts.

This group includes deposits (sites) with approved (adopted by technical councils) operational reserves, where water extraction has not been carried out since the reserves were approved, or has been carried out for a limited time, in small amounts and with deviations from the calculated (design) scheme of water intakes.;

2) the second group is the mastered ones.

This group includes deposits (sites) that were exploited in the designed volume, or with less water withdrawal during the estimated period without significant deviations from the design scheme of water withdrawals.

88. The text part of the inventory revaluation materials should be compiled according to the scheme given in the appendices.

The scheme of the report and the volume of the text part are determined depending on the complexity of the hydrogeological conditions of the deposit, the number of estimated intake sites and aquifers, as well as the importance of the issues under consideration for solving the tasks of reassessment.

89. If it is necessary to reassess reserves for small-scale water users with a demand of up to 10 dm3 per second, reserves are estimated using simplified methods using generalized hydrogeological parameters and a minimum amount of reporting materials.

90. To reduce the volume of the text part, it is necessary to use a tabular form of information with justification of the main provisions by diagrams, graphs, photographs and other necessary illustrations.

91. The list of the main issues to be covered in the sections of the report:

1) Introduction:

information about all organizations and enterprises (hereinafter referred to as water consumers) involved in the operation of this deposit at the time of the revaluation;

information about the water intake structure and water demand (current and prospective);

legal relations of water consumption entities, the presence of a general water consumer, information on permits for groundwater extraction; intentions of water consumers regarding the intended use of groundwater, possible adjustment of requirements for their quality and mode of operation.

2) brief description of the deposit (site):

information about the administrative and geographical location, hydrometeorological characteristics, geological structure, hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions of the deposit (site);

information on changes in hydrogeological conditions that have occurred since the approval of reserves (drainage or changes in the capacity of individual aquifers, reduction of intra-reservoir pressure, pressure, changes in boundary conditions, feeding and unloading conditions);

information about the discharge and specific discharge of production wells, possible interaction with other water intakes and its degree; changes in hydrochemical conditions, stability of chemical composition and content of industrial components;

information about substandard waters in plan and section.

3) the results of the field survey (for the first group – explored deposits) (Appendix 2 to the Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons):

information characterizing the environmental condition of the facilities at the time of the reassessment is provided on the basis of acts of inspection of water intake sites. Additionally, an assessment of the impact of groundwater extraction on the environment is provided: shallowing of reservoirs, reduction of surface runoff, changes in vegetation, activation of karst and other geological processes, and subsidence of the surface;

The sanitary condition of the deposit (site) is characterized by data from a sanitary and hydrogeological survey; data are provided on the degree of implementation and effectiveness of protective measures developed for all three zones of the LSO, if necessary, justification is made for the adjusted LSO of the facility in connection with the emergence (elimination) of potential sources of chemical and bacteriological contamination, changes in water intake, and water intake schemes.;

data on environmental and man-made changes that have occurred since the previous review of the deposit, including the construction and operation of industrial, agricultural and municipal facilities - potential sources of groundwater pollution (plants, factories, mines, farms, storage facilities, settlements), with characteristics of pollutants, the direction and intensity of their effects on the areas of formation of operational stocks. Additionally, the impact of groundwater extraction on the environment is assessed, including shallowing of reservoirs, reduction of surface runoff, changes in vegetation, activation of karst and other geological processes, surface subsidence, as well as an analysis of the degree of their cumulative impact on groundwater quality, condition and value of operational reserves.

information about changes in the hydrological regime of rivers, lakes, springs, the construction of dams, dams, reservoirs, channels, the main characteristics of these facilities, the degree of their impact on the operational reserves of groundwater.

The sanitary condition of the deposit (site) is characterized by data from a sanitary and hydrogeological survey; data are provided on the degree of effectiveness of protective measures developed for all three zones of the LSO, if necessary, justification is made for the adjusted LSO of the facility in connection with the emergence (elimination) of potential sources of chemical and bacteriological contamination, changes in water intake, and water intake schemes.;

conclusions on the cumulative effect of all these factors on the value of operational reserves, on the effectiveness of the water quality improvement plants used (softening, de-icing, disinfection, fluorination, de-fluoridation, demangination, etc.) and the justification for the need to recalculate or re-validate them in previously accepted quantities and categories.

4) the results of the field survey (for the second group – developed deposits) (Appendix 3 to the Methods for calculating mineral reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons):

The technical condition of the water intake is also characterized on the basis of field survey reports during the reassessment period. The survey is carried out at all workings located in the area of influence of the intake. The methods of monitoring the condition of wells are described: phototelemetry, cavernometry, flowmetry; the main results characterizing the technical condition of wells (depths, diameters, condition of pumps, downhole and other capital structures, the presence and condition of measuring equipment, the intensity of salt formation and corrosion processes). Conclusions on the prospects for further use of water intake and observation wells, estimated volumes of repair and restoration work;

conclusions about the effectiveness of the applied installations for improving water quality (softening, de-icing, disinfection, fluorination, de-fluoridation, demangination, etc.).

5) methodology of additional hydrogeological studies:

information on the types and volumes of work performed; characteristics of each type of work, indicating its purpose, research methodology, main results, assessment of the adequacy of the types and volumes performed for the purposes of revaluation of reserves;

the system of placement, quantity, purpose, depths, diameters and designs of wells additionally drilled for the purpose of revaluation of operational groundwater reserves;

types and volumes of pilot filtration operations (pumping, discharge, filling, injection). Diagrams of experimental bushes. Description of the methodology and technology of experimental filtration operations: pumping equipment, the degree and nature of the disturbance, the duration of the general and at certain stages of flow rate, the timing of a certain season, methods and frequency of measurements of levels in wells and their flow rate, characteristics of other factors affecting the pumping or discharge regime (barometric pressure, changes in levels and expenditures of surface and groundwater in natural and disturbed conditions), characteristics of drainage of pumped waters, preventing the possibility of their reverse filtration into the studied aquifer, as well as the negative impact on the environment, the duration and frequency of observations of the restoration of the level after the completion of pumping, the nature, scope and methodology of research related to the study of the aggressiveness of the assessed therapeutic mineral, industrial, thermal and energy groundwater and the precipitation of salts from them, as well as the conditions of discharge (burial) of used waters (industrial effluents). Results of pilot filtration work;

types, volumes and methods of conducting geophysical research, the completeness of the use of their results in data processing for the purpose of revaluation of operational reserves;

the composition and methodology of observations of the groundwater regime, the location of observation posts, the composition, volume and methodology of observations and research, the main results;

the composition and scope of work to study the quality of groundwater and surface waters, taking into account the intended use of water and the presence of possible sources of contamination, methods of analysis, the name of laboratories that conducted research, control of analyses and laboratories;

the methodology and volumes of testing of rocks composing aquifers separating their weakly permeable layers and the aeration zone, with justification of the purpose of various types of definitions, network density and sampling intervals, methods of analysis.

6) characteristics of changes within the field (for the first group – explored deposits):

data on environmental and man-made changes that have occurred since the previous review: construction and operation of new industrial and agricultural facilities - sources of possible groundwater pollution (plants, factories, mines, farms, storage facilities, settlements), characteristics of pollutants, the direction of exposure processes to sources of formation of operational reserves, assessment of the degree of their impact on quality groundwater, condition and value of operational reserves;

conclusions about the cumulative impact of all these factors on the value of operational reserves, justification for the need to recalculate or re-approve them in previously accepted quantities and categories.

7) the analysis of the water intake operation mode (for the second group – developed deposits) is given for individual aquifers and tectonic blocks:

data on water intakes: location, their types, location schemes, design of production wells, observation wells, and other capital structures; the nature of the opening of productive horizons; method and degree of opening, method of operation; life of the intake, productivity, dynamic water levels, their changes over the entire period of operation and by seasons; changes in water quality over operating time and year-on-year; methods and frequency of measurements of flow rates, water levels and temperatures, quality control method with indication of laboratories, assessment of the reliability of measurements and analyses;

description and interpretation of the main patterns of the groundwater exploitation regime, conclusions about the nature of the exploitation regime (steady, unsteady) and the causes that determine it; qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the main sources of formation of operational groundwater reserves;

changes in the productivity of water intakes over time over the entire period of operation, the reasons for the changes (restriction of water intake, expansion of water intake, transfer of wells to another method of groundwater exploitation, natural and technological reasons related to the natural possibilities of the deposit, changes in demand and technical condition of the intake, and others); for therapeutic mineral, industrial, and thermal energy waters - changes in temperature and quality of groundwater (ionic-salt composition, mineralization, content of beneficial and harmful components, gas component, mechanical impurities); aggressiveness of groundwater, salt leaching processes; methods of dumping, utilization, or burial of used waters (industrial effluents);

if there are existing artificial feeding systems at overestimated water intakes: brief description of their operation; service life, layout and size of infiltration facilities, their performance; technology, mode and parameters of artificial feeding of water intakes – filling depth and infiltration rate for pools, pressure and water absorption rate of injection wells, duration of continuous infiltration and cleaning breaks infiltration facilities; groundwater regime; the quality of water supplied for infiltration and data on changes in groundwater quality during artificial feeding of intakes; characteristics of rock calming processes and data on the formation of silty sediment at the bottom of basins; comparison of the experience of infiltration facilities with the results of forecasts obtained during the hydrogeological justification of artificial feeding of intakes.

8) comparison of forecasts and actual operational results (for the second group – developed fields):

hydrodynamic forecasts: the position of dynamic levels predicted by the results of exploration and the actual (as a result of operation), the size of the depression funnel, flow rates, specific flow rates of wells and other capital structures; the reasons for the discrepancy between the forecast calculations and the operational data; the correctness of the chosen calculation scheme during the initial assessment of reserves and, if necessary, the justification and selection of a new calculation scheme for revaluation;

hydrogeological parameters used in the initial calculation and obtained from the results of operation; analysis of the causes of discrepancies; selection and justification of the values taken during reassessment;

hydrochemical forecasts: forecast and actual condition of substandard waters; forecast and actual quality changes in all indicators; analysis of the causes of the noted discrepancies; methodology for further forecasts;

geoecological forecasts: forecast and actual state of the natural environment; emergence of new factors of negative changes in groundwater quality; analysis of possible environmental pollution processes and methods of their minimization during further operation. Analysis of the implementation of the proposals of the GKEN, GKZ (MKZ).

9) calculation of operational reserves (for the first group – if there are changes, for the second group – constantly). The choice of a method for calculating operational groundwater reserves (revaluation of reserves) should be based on the conclusions drawn in the previous sections of the report, taking into account the complexity of the hydrogeological conditions, the volume and representativeness of the accumulated information. Apply the following methods for calculating operational reserves:

under simple hydrogeological conditions (the first group of complexity) – hydrodynamic (analytical), analogies and balance calculations;

under difficult hydrogeological conditions (the second group of complexity) – hydrodynamic, including using mathematical modeling; hydraulic, including in combination with hydrodynamic and balance calculations;

under very difficult hydrogeological conditions (the third group of complexity) – hydraulic and balance calculations.

10) conclusion:

the main conclusions about the degree of modern exploration of the field, the number of operational reserves by category submitted for approval; the division of reserves into in-demand (equal to the current needs of all consumers) and temporarily not in demand;

a list of all water users (legal entities) involved or planning to participate in the operation of the deposit (site), indicating the needs;

assessment of the impact of the exploitation of this deposit (site) on the overall water balance of the region and the environment.

92. The service life of a water intake facility is assumed to be 27 years (10,000 days). Based on the results of the revaluation, it can be any (but not less than 5 years) and is determined by the subsurface user based on an analysis of the following factors: the operation of the water intake in the previous period, the complexity of the hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions of the facility, the volume of current and prospective water consumption, socio-economic factors, and others.

93. In the absence of sufficiently compelling reasons (based on the totality of all changes), for deposits of the first group (not exploited), the calculation schemes and calculation methods adopted during the initial assessment of reserves and their approval by the GKZ (MKZ) should not be changed. The inventory categorization in these cases can be changed in accordance with the requirements of the current regulations. The need for changes is justified by the authors in each specific case separately.

94. The revaluation of the operational reserves of groundwater is carried out taking into account all the requirements for calculating reserves based on the results of exploration work, and is based mainly on materials obtained from the results of the operation of the deposit (site). In this case, the following are given:

requirements for the regime and operating conditions of groundwater used for revaluation of reserves: estimated water consumption period, schedule of required water extraction in the intra-annual context, maximum depths of dynamic water levels in production wells, minimum flow rates of wells;

substantiation of the principles of schematization of natural conditions, calculation scheme, method of calculating reserves and calculated dependencies adopted for revaluation of reserves; calculation of operational reserves of groundwater is carried out with all the initial data included in the calculated dependencies;

when revaluing operational groundwater reserves by mathematical modeling: substantiation of the model's detail in accordance with the nature of the tasks being solved and the peculiarities of natural conditions; methodology for constructing a calculation scheme, its description; characteristics of technical means and the validity of their use in solving the problem; justification of accepted methods and algorithms for solving; principles of dividing the filtration field into blocks; methodology for setting initial and boundary conditions; methods for solving inverse, inversion and predictive problems; description and analysis of the data obtained; the results of calculating the cost balance for the main final solutions to inverse and predictive tasks;

revaluation of operational groundwater reserves in case of uneven water consumption during the year (irrigation of land, irrigation of pastures, etc.) is carried out for conditions of continuous uniform water extraction, taking into account a given uneven regime of water consumption during the last year. Inventories are submitted for approval with categorization in relation to continuous operation;

The sources of formation of operational groundwater reserves, the values of natural reserves and resources are calculated, the availability of operational groundwater reserves is given based on the calculation of the total water balance of the deposit and a quantitative assessment of the main sources of their formation.;

The principles of categorization of operational groundwater reserves in accordance with the degree of their study are given; the determination of the balance sheet of reserves; the number of calculated reserves – total and by category. A comparison of previously calculated reserves with those proposed for revaluation, an analysis of the causes of the identified changes, and a balance of reserves based on these changes.

95. Measures for the reconstruction and operation of water intakes should be implemented for the fields of the second group (operated). For deposits of the first group, they are necessary in the event of a significant change in the natural, ecological, social and other conditions in the area of the facility compared to the initial one and changes in the conditions and volume of water extraction. At the same time, they are specified:

the layout of water intake facilities, their designs, the mode of operation of groundwater, the number and location of reserve wells and points of the observation network, the composition of routine observations of the quantity and quality of groundwater taken and the development of depression;

a system of measures for the rational use of groundwater and protection of groundwater from depletion and pollution;

the procedure and sources of compensation for damage to surface runoff (if necessary).

Paragraph 3. Text, tabular and graphical applications

96. Copies of documents are provided in the text appendices when assessing stocks.:

substantiating the water demand (or shortage) of the facility in conjunction with the existing water supply and previously approved reserves and confirming the need for exploration work at the field (site);

determining the requirements for the quality of groundwater and the conditions (regime) of their operation;

substantiating the necessity and possibility of artificial feeding of water intakes (if necessary);

agreeing on the possibility and magnitude of damage to surface runoff and the conditions for its compensation (if necessary).

97. Copies of documents are provided in the text appendices when revaluing stocks.:

substantiating the facility's need for water in conjunction with the existing water supply;

determining the requirements for the quality of groundwater and the conditions (regime) of their operation;

acts of sanitary and hydrogeological examination, environmental survey, inspection of the technical condition of water intakes and wells of the regime network;

98. In tabular appendices to the calculation (assessment and revaluation) of stocks, tables are presented in a form that allows checking the initial and intermediate data, computational operations and calculation results.:

determination of calculated hydrogeological parameters and their average (calculated) values used in calculating operational groundwater reserves and assessing their availability;

forecasting changes in water quality during operation and other specialized graphics;

calculations of natural reserves and natural resources of groundwater and the total water balance;

calculations on the justification of artificial recharge of water intakes (when using it);

calculations of the water consumption of springs and surface watercourses adopted to substantiate the operational reserves of groundwater;

99. When calculating stocks by mathematical modeling, tables are presented:

calculations of expenses and levels set at the external and internal boundaries of the model; results of solving inverse and inversion problems in comparison with field data;

the results of the solution of forecast tasks for the assessment or reassessment of groundwater reserves and quality;

calculations of the components of the groundwater balance based on the results of solving inverse, inversion and forecast problems.

100. The tables of the actual material include: the results of studying the quality of groundwater and surface waters, indicating the laboratories that carried out the analyses; the values of water intake and water levels at existing water intakes, confirmed by a certificate from the operating organization, indicating the methodology for measuring costs and levels; the results of determining the physico-mechanical, water-physical and other soil properties; initial data on climatic conditions: Average monthly, annual, and extreme precipitation amounts by year over the last 15-year observation period; in case of water balance calculations - all available data on the elements of the water balance or used for their calculation; in case of special calculations - all necessary data for them (air temperature and humidity, wind speed, clouds); basic data on calculated hydrometric targets: average monthly, annual and extreme values of flow rates and water levels for for the last 15-year period of observations on them; data on the determination of all calculated hydrological and meteorological characteristics: calculations of the coefficient of variability and correlation, values of wedging and evaporation.

101. The following items are also presented: a catalog of coordinates and elevation marks of wellheads (workings); a register of wells drilled during the study of the deposit, as well as wells of third-party organizations, data on which were used in the preparation of the report; a catalog of springs.

102. Graphical applications for stock assessment include:

1) by field area:

an overview map indicating settlements, hydrographic network, communication routes, location of the explored deposit (site) and water user, sites with previously approved reserves and existing water intakes (usually placed in the text of the report);

a map of the actual material;

geological and hydrogeological maps with a stratigraphic column and corresponding sections crossing the deposit (site) in characteristic directions;

a geomorphological map and a map of Quaternary sediments, when groundwater reserves of aquifers of Upper Quaternary and modern sediments are estimated.;

other specialized maps used to justify the calculation of groundwater reserves (hydrochemical, special hydrogeological zoning).

2) for the field (site) under study:

a map of the actual material;

hydrogeological map;

piezo-gypsum or hydroisogyp maps of assessed aquifers under natural and operational conditions;

maps of the water supply capacity of the assessed aquifers;

a hydrochemical map showing all hydrochemical testing points, groundwater contours of various qualities, as well as existing and potential sources of groundwater pollution (presented under difficult hydrochemical conditions);

other specialized maps (capacities, isogyphs of the roof and the bottom of the aquifer);

geological, hydrogeological, and hydrochemical sections on the horizontal scale of maps;

the plan for calculating groundwater reserves;

When calculating groundwater reserves by springs, the average daily water consumption is calculated with a probability of exceeding 95%, and with a given water extraction schedule, in accordance with the variability of spring water consumption, the intraannual distribution of water consumption with a probability of exceeding 95% is calculated.%;

when calculating groundwater reserves by mathematical modeling, graphical materials are presented that reflect the filtration scheme of the estimated area, the breakdown into blocks, external and internal boundary conditions, the results of solving inverse and inversion problems (clarifying hydrogeological parameters and boundary conditions) in comparison with the initial data, the results of assessing operational reserves (if necessary, and forecast resources) of underground waters and the main patterns of balance change, the regime and quality of groundwater in different time periods when solving predictive tasks;

103. The report also provides:

geological and technical sections of operational and exploration wells included in the design scheme of the design water intake;

pumping sheets;

passports of water intake wells;

schedules of the groundwater regime by observation points of the regime network;

maps, plans, sections, and graphs reflecting the results of geophysical research;

the scheme of hydrological and meteorological study with the application of all sections of the stationary and temporary regime network, meteorological stations and sites of special hydrometeorological research;

graphic materials reflecting the results of hydrological studies, longitudinal and transverse profiles with 1%, 50% and 95% probability of exceeding water levels, chronological graphs of fluctuations in water levels and flows, graphs of fluctuations in levels and hydrographs for characteristic years, graphs of the relationship between water levels and flows, curves of probability distribution of excess, calculated hydrographs;

graphic materials reflecting the results of special types of research performed during the exploration of the deposit.

104. Graphical applications for inventory revaluation include:

an overview map reflecting the current situation, indicating settlements, hydrographic network, communication routes, location of the research site and water user, areas with previously approved reserves (usually placed in the text of the report);

map of the actual material;

hydrogeological map of the work site with hydrogeological sections;

chronological schedules of water extraction during field operation and changes in groundwater levels in production and observation wells, quality indicators, and hydrometeorological characteristics;

special maps reflecting the features of the formation of operational groundwater reserves in difficult geological and hydrogeological conditions;

calculation plan for operational groundwater reserves;

When calculating stocks by mathematical modeling, materials reflecting the filtration scheme of the estimated area are used.;

geological and technical sections of additional wells drilled during reassessment;

the pumping sheets carried out during the inventory revaluation.

In order to reduce the volume of materials (without prejudice to clarity), data is combined in single drawings and to avoid duplication of drawings.

Paragraph 4. Requirements for the design of inventory calculation materials

105. The materials for calculating reserves are technically processed according to the Forms of Reports on the geological study of the subsurface, approved by the Order of the Acting Minister for Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated May 31, 2018 No. 419 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan on June 13, 2018 No. 17050).

106. Graphic materials are compiled in common generally accepted symbols, designed in accordance with the above requirements.

Chapter 4. Methodology for calculating hydrocarbon reserves, including those related to unconventional hydrocarbons

Paragraph 1. Concepts used in calculating hydrocarbon reserves

107. The volumetric method of calculating oil reserves is based on information obtained during exploration, reflecting the geological and physical characteristics of the objects of calculation and the conditions of occurrence of hydrocarbons in them.

108. The volumetric method is used to calculate reserves at all stages and stages of geological exploration, as well as during the trial operation and development of hydrocarbon deposits.

109. The volumetric method of calculating reserves consists in determining the mass of oil or the volume of free gas reduced to the standard conditions of reservoir rocks lying in the void space. The object of calculation is each deposit of a productive reservoir.

110. To determine the commercial value of an open field, it is necessary to calculate reserves at the stage of exploration and evaluation of deposits.

111. A structural map for the roof of a productive reservoir should be built based on drilling data and the results of seismic surveys. The contour of the deposit is carried out taking into account a certain position of the interfluidic contacts (water–oil contact (hereinafter referred to as VNK), GVK, gas–oil contact (hereinafter referred to as GNK). If the interfluidic contact has not been opened by wells, its absolute mark is taken into account the patterns of changes in the position of the contacts of the identified deposits within the oil and gas accumulation zone or taking into account the value of the trap filling coefficient determined by neighboring deposits.

112. In oil deposits, the absolute level of WH is predicted by the nature of the decrease in the oil saturation coefficient in the permeable layers of the wells with depth.

113. In gas deposits, the absolute mark of the GVK is set according to the schedule of changes in the reduced reservoir pressure with a depth of Rpl = nn (Nabc) in the gas and water parts of the deposit, determined according to hydrodynamic logging data.

114. The parameters of the deposit are determined based on information obtained from the results of geological, geophysical and field work.

115. According to the degree of study, the assessment of reserves is divided into:

operational calculation of hydrocarbon reserves is an assessment of hydrocarbon reserves based on primary information obtained during prospecting and/or assessment of hydrocarbon deposits, provided that the presented geological materials allow for a preliminary assessment of the quantity and quality of hydrocarbon reserves.

The calculation of hydrocarbon reserves is a detailed study of the subsurface, combining all the information obtained during exploration, based on the results of which the quantity is calculated and an objective assessment of the quality of hydrocarbon reserves and the hydrocarbon recovery coefficient is given.;

recalculation of hydrocarbon reserves is carried out when the geological structure of the field is changed and (or) clarified as a result of additional research carried out at the field, or when the initial geological and (or) recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons of category A+B+C1 are changed by more than 10% for large deposits, and by more than 20% for others.%.

Reserves are recalculated and their state expertise is also carried out in the event of changes in the concept of the distribution of reserves in the productive context, affecting the production of reserves and the ongoing system of field development (deposits).

116. The transfer of hydrocarbon reserves from the C2 category to the C1 category is performed based on the results of testing wells drilled as part of the additional exploration of productive horizons (deposits). The transfer is carried out according to the methodology.

117. An increase in hydrocarbon reserves is carried out based on the results of additional research that has resulted in an increase in the volume of hydrocarbons calculated earlier due to an increase in the area of oil and gas potential and (or) the volume of oil-saturated rocks or the discovery of a new deposit(s) based on the results of production drilling within the contract territory.

118. The calculation of reserves of a deposit (deposits, aggregates of deposits) is performed by constructing a geological model of the deposit (deposits, aggregates of deposits) using the following methods:

two–dimensional - construction of structural maps (calculation plans) for productive horizons (deposits) based on seismic data and well drilling results (GIS, core, testing, etc.), with manual interpolation between wells using the triangle method. The area is measured with a planimeter and/or other instruments.

Three–dimensional is the construction of three-dimensional structural maps, cubes of calculated parameters based on seismic data and well drilling results (GIS, core, testing, etc.), with automatic interpolation between wells using various statistical methods (continuous, stochastic, and others). The calculation of the initial volumes of hydrocarbons in reservoir conditions takes place directly from the cells of the three-dimensional model. The simulation is performed on specialized software.

119. The area, volumes, and reserves of hydrocarbons are calculated separately by horizons (deposits), blocks, saturation zones, and categories. Based on the calculations performed, a stock calculation table is compiled.

Paragraph 2. Operational calculation of geological reserves at the stage of exploration and trial operation of deposits

120. The operational calculation of reserves is carried out based on the results of exploration (appraisal) work performed in accordance with a Design document approved in accordance with the established procedure in order to summarize the available geological and geophysical materials necessary for the design of a Project for trial operation of a deposit (deposit).

A static geological model should include a set of structural maps, correlation schemes, justification of fluid contacts, geological profiles, and maps of the isopachite productive part of horizons (strata).

121. Operational calculation of hydrocarbon reserves is performed by field (deposits). With a heterogeneous structure of the reservoir, the differentiation of the deposit (deposits) into counting objects is carried out. Reserves are calculated based on drilling data; it is also necessary to involve the results of detailed seismic surveys. The structural basis for the construction of the calculation plan is a map constructed using the combined results of drilling and seismic exploration. The parameters for calculating reserves for deposits are determined based on drilling data from exploration and appraisal wells.

122. VNK, GNK and GVK are determined according to GIS data using the results of well testing and exploration. When justifying the position of the HCV at this stage, it is necessary to take into account that in formations with extreme saturation and high permeability, two-phase deposits are characterized by a clear boundary between gas, oil and water. There are significant transition zones in heterogeneous, weakly permeable formations.

123. To determine the contour of the deposit, it is necessary to build a map of the surface of the WNK (GVK), determined by wells. The points of intersection of this surface with the surfaces of the roof and the bottom of the reservoir collectors are interconnected, determining the position of the outer and inner contours, respectively.

124. In the case of horizontal GCC, the external and internal contours of the oil and gas content are drawn according to isogypses on the maps of the roof and bottom of the reservoirs of the productive reservoir in accordance with a certain absolute contact mark. In a massive deposit, only the outer contour is drawn on the map of the roof of the reservoir collectors.

125. In complex lithologically shielded deposits, the boundaries of wedging or lithological-facies substitution of reservoir rocks are drawn along the gradient of changes in the filtration and capacitance properties of reservoirs, taking into account 2D and 3D seismic survey materials, variogram analysis, or in the middle of the distance between wells that have opened and not opened the reservoir. Mapping of low-amplitude disturbances shielding the deposit is carried out using a set of 2D and 3D drilling and seismic survey data.

126. Effective oil and gas saturated thicknesses of hef.n (hef.g.) and effective thicknesses of productive formations are distinguished by deposits according to GIS data, taking into account well testing. Based on the selected thicknesses, the corresponding maps are compiled separately for the gas and oil-saturated zones of deposits within the formations of the same name.

127. The coefficients of open porosity of Kp and oil-gas saturation of deposits should be calculated based on the results of interpretation of GIS data; core data are used as a petrophysical basis for interpretation and to substantiate the reliability of the estimates obtained. When calculating the average values, the data that most fully illuminates the section and does not have systematic errors is used as a basis.

128. At the stage of operational calculation of geological reserves at the stage of exploration and trial operation of deposits (deposits), in the absence or insignificant amount of initial data, it is allowed to use jointly or completely, as an analog of petrophysical dependencies, boundary values for neighboring deposits of similar geological parameters.

129. The conversion coefficient and density of oil in surface conditions for oil deposits are calculated as arithmetic averages from the available definitions obtained as a result of analyses of deep samples during differential degassing. The average initial reservoir pressure and reservoir temperature of gas deposits are calculated taking into account the depth of the centers of gravity of the deposits.

The compressibility coefficient of real gases is determined based on the composition of the reservoir gas from the reservoir under study.

130. If there are no in-house analyses of reservoir fluids for one or more horizons, it is allowed to use analogues that are similar in general geological characteristics above or below the horizons of the deposit or to use the parameters of an identical deposit located nearby.

Paragraph 3. Calculation (recalculation) of initial geological reserves of hydrocarbons

131. The calculation (recalculation) of the initial geological reserves of the developed deposits is carried out to assess current reserves and to compile or adjust project documents for the development of the deposit.

132. The object of calculation is a deposit (deposit or set of deposits) drilled in accordance with an approved project document. With a heterogeneous structure, the deposit must be differentiated into counting objects.

133. To build a geological model of the deposits being developed, it is necessary to use seismic survey data (2D, 3D), drilling results of exploration and production wells, core and GIS research materials, well testing and research data, geological and field and geophysical studies of wells.

134. When recalculating the geological reserves of deposits drilled by a large number of directional production wells, it is necessary to analyze the reliability of the initial geological and geophysical information.

135. Structural maps are compiled both on the roof and on the bottom of each productive horizon, and on the roof and the bottom of the collector within the productive horizon, depending on the method of calculating reserves.

136. To build structural maps, it is necessary to use data from all vertically drilled wells, in which the absolute marks of the roof and the bottom of the collectors are determined.

137. VNK, GNK and GVK are determined according to GIS data, taking into account the testing and exploration of wells. In the presence of data from the reservoir tester, it is allowed to substantiate the fluid contacts at the intersection of the pressure gradients of the phases. To determine the marks of the interfluidic contacts, it is necessary to use data on wells for which the saturation pattern is not distorted by the development process. To substantiate the contour of the deposit, it is possible to build maps of the surface of the VNK (GNK, GVK).

138. Effective oil and gas saturated thicknesses are distinguished in the section of wells according to GIS data, taking into account well testing. Both vertical, inclined, and horizontal wells are included in the well array to determine effective thicknesses.

139. If there is uncertainty in determining the effective oil and gas saturated thicknesses in horizontal wells, the results are not taken into account.

140. In order to determine effective oil and gas saturated thicknesses, wells that meet the following criteria should be included in the sample.: with the absence of obvious signs of flooding that distort the initial geophysical characteristics, with the reservoir exposed to the bottom of the reservoir, and to determine the effective oil and gas saturated thicknesses – up to VNK (GVK).

141. The inventory calculation of the static model must be performed in the following sequence:

determination of the area and volume of reservoir rocks containing hydrocarbons;

determination of the average porosity of reservoir rocks;

determination of the average oil and gas saturation of reservoir rocks;

reduction of the volume of hydrocarbons to standard conditions.

142. Inventory calculation in a three-dimensional model is carried out in the following sequence:

determination of the area and volume of reservoirs containing hydrocarbons;

determination of the volume of reservoir rocks containing hydrocarbons;

determination of the pore volume of reservoir rocks containing hydrocarbons;

determination of the hydrocarbon saturated pore volume of reservoir rocks containing hydrocarbons;

determination of the average porosity of reservoir rocks by dividing the pore volume of reservoir rocks by the volume of reservoir rocks;

determination of the average oil and gas saturation of reservoir rocks by dividing the hydrocarbon saturated volume of reservoir rocks by the pore volume of reservoir rocks;

reduction of the obtained volumes of hydrocarbons to standard conditions.

143. When calculating reserves in fields with zones characterized by different reservoir and filtration properties, it is necessary to use structural and facies analysis to distinguish such zones and structure reserves taking into account each such zone.

144. When calculating hydrocarbon reserves in non-structural traps, it is possible to use the results of additional methods for determining lithological, lithological-facies, paleogeographic and geochemical parameters.

145. The initial geological reserves of oil are calculated according to the formula presented in paragraph 322 of these Methods.

146. The initial geological reserves of gas dissolved in oil are determined by the initial geological reserves of oil and the initial gas content of oil, determined by reservoir samples during their differential degassing, calculated according to the formula presented in paragraph 323 of these Methods.

147. The calculation of geological reserves of associated components (sulfur, paraffin, etc.) contained in oil is carried out according to the formula presented in paragraph 324 of these Methods.

148. The calculation of associated components in the gas dissolved in oil is calculated using the same method as the calculation of associated components in free gas.

149. The "oil-bearing area F" is determined based on data on the position of the oil-bearing contours. The oil-bearing areas of a productive facility (reservoir) are measured separately across fields of different reserve categories, with the amount corresponding to the area of the entire reservoir. To establish the contours of the oil content, it is necessary to find the position of the WNC according to the data of the complex of field and geophysical studies, the results of well testing and core analysis data.

The boundaries of the oil-bearing area are also tectonic disturbances, zones of wedging of productive horizons (formations), reservoir replacement lines with impermeable clay rocks, the boundaries of which are drawn according to the available results of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, and (or) substantiation of the maximum radius of a particular facies by conducting variogram analysis, in the absence of the above data and when in a limited number of drilled wells, the position of the reservoir replacement line is carried out conditionally at half the distance between the wells, in one of them, the reservoir is composed of a reservoir rock, and in the other, impenetrable rocks.

150. The "effective oil-saturated thickness h" is determined on the basis of core analysis data, the results of interpretation of field and geophysical studies, as well as well well testing materials that allow establishing oil and water contact.

151. The values of oil-saturated thicknesses along the horizons are taken as weighted averages based on maps of effective oil and gas-saturated thicknesses for the corresponding blocks, zones, and categories.

152. The average values of porosity and oil saturation coefficients for the calculated objects (horizons) are defined as thickness-weighted averages in the corresponding wells according to GIS.

The "coefficient of open porosity (Kp)" is taken from the data of drilled wells and is determined by the results of laboratory core tests. At the exploration stage, in the absence of core data, it is possible to use the results of interpretation of GIS materials.

When calculating the Kp for the core, the arithmetic mean of all observed values is taken: the values in permeable saturated reservoir intervals for deposits, and for GIS – the weighted average for the effective oil–saturated thickness, taking into account the correlation of analog deposits.

153. When calculating reserves in complex and very complex deposits in reservoirs, secondary porosity should be taken into account if data is available. Secondary porosity refers to all effective voids in a rock that are of secondary origin, developing both in the interblock space and directly in the blocks (matrix).

154. The "Oil saturation coefficient Kh" is taken for wells and calculated based on laboratory core analysis data or on the results of interpretation of GIS materials. As a petrophysical basis for interpretation, information generalized by region or similar objects is used. When calculating the core, the arithmetic mean of all known values of the oil–saturated layers of the reservoir by deposits is taken, and for GIS, the weighted average of the effective oil-saturated thickness and porosity.

In the presence of a reliable array of capillarometry and phase permeability data, the oil saturation coefficient is justified by constructing a J–function.

155. "Oil density s0" is determined under standard conditions (at 20 ° C) in the laboratory based on the results of standard or stepwise degassing. The average reservoir value is used for the calculation based on data from the analysis of conditioned oil samples taken from a number of wells.

156. The "conversion coefficient q", or the inverse of the volume coefficient of reservoir oil, must be entered to bring the calculated oil reserves in the subsurface to standard conditions on the surface. The "conversion coefficient q" is determined based on the results of laboratory analysis of a deep-seated oil sample. In the absence of deep samples at the search stage, it is allowed to use a conversion factor by analogy with the studied deposits. Special graphs are also used to determine it.

157. The content of paraffin, sulfur, and resins is accepted by laboratory tests as an arithmetic mean for objects (horizons, formations).

158. Free gas reserves are calculated using the volumetric method according to the formula provided in paragraph 325 of these methods.

159. The correction for the deviation of hydrocarbon gases from the Boyle–Marriott law is determined based on the component composition of the gas, taking into account reservoir temperatures for each horizon separately according to the formula:

where Z is the coefficient of super–compressibility of gases, which was determined by pseudocritical pressure and temperature, based on the component composition of the gas.

According to the calculated reduced pseudocritical pressures and temperatures, the value of the compressibility coefficient (Z) is determined according to the graph "Dependence of the gas compressibility coefficient on the reduced pseudocritical pressure at different reduced pseudocritical temperatures".

160. The initial geological reserves of condensate are calculated according to the formula provided in paragraph 326 of these Methods.

Calculation of ethane, propane, butane reserves to determine the weight reserves of hydrocarbons, their specific gravity content in 1 m3 of reservoir gas is initially determined, which is calculated based on its component composition.

The specific gravity content of ethane (qc2), propane (qc3), butane (qc4) is determined by the formulas provided in paragraph 327 of these Methods.

Geological reserves of condensate, butane, propane and ethane are calculated in tons.

161. The "gas bearing area (F)" is determined based on data on the position of the gas bearing contours. The areas are measured on the calculation plans of the productive object (reservoir) separately according to the fields of different categories of reserves. To establish the contours of the oil content, it is necessary to find the position of the fluid contact according to the data of the complex of field and geophysical studies, the results of well testing and core analysis data. The lower boundary is the boundary above which the phase permeability for hydrocarbons is above zero.

The boundaries of the gas-bearing area are also tectonic disturbances, zones of wedging of productive horizons (formations), reservoir replacement lines with impenetrable clay rocks, the boundaries of which are drawn according to the available results of 2D and 3D seismic surveys. In the absence of these data and with a limited number of drilled wells, the position of the reservoir replacement line is carried out conditionally at half the distance between the pairs, wells, in one of which the reservoir is composed of reservoir rock, and in the other – impenetrable rocks.

162. The values of effective gas-saturated thicknesses in the sections of wells were determined based on the results of interpretation of field and geophysical studies. The values of gas-saturated thicknesses along the horizons are taken as weighted averages according to maps of effective gas-saturated thicknesses for the corresponding blocks, zones, and categories.

163. The average values of porosity and gas saturation coefficients for the calculated objects (horizons) are defined as thickness-weighted averages in the corresponding wells according to GIS.

164. The coefficient of open porosity (Kp) is taken from the data of drilled wells and is determined based on the results of laboratory core tests. At the exploration stage, in the absence of core data, it is possible to use the results of interpretation of GIS materials.

When calculating the core, the arithmetic mean of all observed values is taken: values in permeable saturated reservoir intervals for deposits, and for GIS – the weighted average of the effective gas–saturated thickness, taking into account the correlation of analog deposits.

165. When calculating reserves in complex and very complex deposits in reservoirs, secondary porosity should be taken into account if data is available. Secondary porosity refers to all effective voids in a rock that are of secondary origin, developing both in the interblock space and directly in the blocks (matrix).

166. The "gas saturation coefficient (Kg)" is also accepted for wells and is calculated based on laboratory core analysis data or on the results of interpretation of GIS materials. As a petrophysical basis for interpretation, information generalized by region or similar objects is used. When calculating the core, the arithmetic mean of all known values of the gas-saturated layers of the reservoir for deposits is taken, and for GIS, the weighted average of the effective gas-saturated thickness and porosity.

167. If laboratory data are available and the residual oil saturation (Sor) is justified, the gas saturation coefficient is calculated as a subtraction from the effective pore volume of the values of water saturation (Sw) and residual oil saturation (Sor).

168. In the presence of a reliable array of capillarometry and phase permeability data, the oil saturation coefficient is justified by constructing a J–function.

169. Thermobaric conditions in deposits are established during prospecting and exploration work. When calculating reserves of free gas and gas caps, the value of the initial reservoir pressure is taken from the actual measurements in the wells.

The average calculated values are measured in the following values:

thickness in meters;

pressure in megapascals accurate to tenths of a unit;

area in thousands of square meters, density of oil, conversion factor, condensate and water in grams per cubic centimeter, and gas in kilograms per cubic meter (accurate to thousandths of a unit);

porosity and oil-gas saturation coefficients in fractions of a unit rounded to hundredths;

oil and condensate recovery coefficients in fractions of a unit rounded to thousandths;

reserves of oil, condensate, ethane, propane, butanes, sulfur and metals are calculated in thousands of tons, gas – in millions of cubic meters; helium and argon – in thousands of cubic meters rounded to whole values.

Paragraph 4. Feasibility study of hydrocarbon recovery coefficients

170. A feasibility study of the extraction coefficients of hydrocarbons and the components contained therein (hereinafter referred to as the feasibility study) is performed when:

calculating hydrocarbon reserves;

recalculation of hydrocarbon reserves;

recalculation of recoverable hydrocarbon reserves.

171. The coefficient of hydrocarbon recovery (hereinafter – CI) is determined by the ratio of the initial recoverable reserves to the initial geological reserves of hydrocarbons and is expressed in fractions of units.

172. The recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons and the components contained in them are determined based on the results of an assessment of the technical and economic indicators of the deposit development options.

173. The calculation options are performed separately for each production facility and differ from each other in the placement systems and the density of the well grids, the methods of influencing the hydrocarbon deposits, the sequence and pace of drilling of the deposits and the field as a whole.

174. When drawing up a feasibility study of hydrocarbons for the most complete extraction of hydrocarbons from the subsurface, the positive global experience of field development in the field of engineering and technology, as well as the possibility of applying new methods of development and intensification of hydrocarbon production, are taken into account.

175. Feasibility studies of hydrocarbons from deposits of the second and third order, as well as deposits with unconventional hydrocarbons to be developed using gas, thermal, physico-chemical or other methods of impact on the reservoir, are compiled taking into account the results of pilot operations at this field or at similar facilities.

176. Hydrocarbon reserves are calculated for each production facility (deposit) and field as a whole for reserves of categories A, B, C1 for the fields under development. CI in category C2 is taken by analogy to 75% of CI in category C1.

177. For operational facilities (deposits) whose boundaries extend beyond the spatial boundaries of the subsurface area, hydrocarbon reserves are determined both in general for operational facilities (deposits) and in the spatial boundaries of subsurface areas and beyond.

178. For oil fields, if they contain extensive water-oil, gas-oil zones or individual sections of productive formations with reservoir properties significantly different from the main part of the deposit, hydrocarbon reserves are justified both for the deposit as a whole and for each zone or site.

179. Recoverable reserves of a field are accepted as the sum of recoverable reserves of rational economically justified options for the development of operational facilities (deposits) that ensure the most complete extraction of oil reserves, while complying with the requirements of subsurface and environmental protection, and mining regulations.

180. The oil recovery coefficient for operational facilities (deposits) and the field as a whole is determined for the estimated period (period) of development.

181. Limiting criteria such as the minimum technological flow rate for oil and well gas, the maximum water availability of products, and the maximum gas factor must be justified separately.

182. Extraction coefficients and recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are calculated and accounted for for each deposit in an operational facility according to a recommended economically feasible development option that ensures the rational extraction of oil, gas and condensate reserves while complying with the requirements of subsurface and environmental protection, and mining regulations.

183. For deposits (deposits) under exploration (categories C1 and C2), the CI of recoverable hydrocarbons is calculated based on simplified statistical methods for determining extraction coefficients or by analogy.

184. For deposits (fields) under development (reserve categories A, B, C1), recoverable reserves of oil, gas, condensate and associated useful components contained in them are determined as a result of technical and economic calculations according to the recommended development option, in accordance with the CI of hydrocarbons.

185. The calculation of technological development indicators is performed by the following tools:

The material balance method;

Statistical methods;

three-dimensional geological and hydrodynamic model (hereinafter referred to as the GGDM).

Paragraph 5. Preparation of the initial data and the results of calculations of technological indicators of development options and AI

186. Based on the analysis of the results of testing, testing of exploration wells, trial operation (hereinafter referred to as PE) of the deposit (deposits), analysis of the operation of the operating stock of wells, their hydrodynamic, thermometric and thermodynamic studies, the initial parameters are substantiated, information is provided on the magnitude of depressions and the duration of research. For undeveloped fields, the results of trial operation of wells or test results are given, and the characteristics of their flow rates and reservoir pressure are given.

Paragraph 6. Analysis of the results of the development of deposits

187. According to the actual data of the field development, the characteristics of the deposit development system, the dynamics of operational drilling, the methods of well operation, the characteristics of the fund and the distribution of wells by production and water supply are given.

Characteristics of the reservoir pressure maintenance system (hereinafter referred to as the PPD) in terms of injection pressures, reservoir coverage, and well reception. Comparison of design and actual development indicators for deposits (operational facilities) over the past 5 years at the date of analysis. Completeness and timeliness of the execution of design decisions, the reasons for the deviation of the actual development indicators from the design ones. The volume of oil production, liquid production and injection of working agents, the degree of development of initial recoverable reserves, the current level of hydrocarbons, compensation for pumping withdrawals, and the state of reservoir pressure. In accordance with the estimated plans, development maps and isobar maps are being built. Production and injection wells, accumulated selections, injections of working agents, and the initial and current contours of the VNK and GNK are plotted on the maps.

188. When analyzing the development results, data is presented and the effectiveness of the performed methods for intensifying inflows and increasing oil recovery is assessed.

189. When analyzing the development results, the effectiveness of the implemented development system for each production facility (productive reservoir, deposits) should be studied, it is assessed how effective (justified) the reservoir pressure maintenance system, the well placement system and the grid density, the intensity of the flooding system, the applied profiles and design of wells, methods of reservoir opening and well development are for the conditions of this field, methods of well operation, a system for collecting, accounting, and preparing well products. The degree of possible complications of the development process associated with gas breakouts from the gas cap, water cone formation, oil degassing in the reservoir, and paraffin deposition in the reservoir and borehole is being assessed.

The effectiveness of the development system being implemented is also subject to analysis, evaluated in terms of its acceptability for reliable control of reserve production, ensuring uniform oil displacement by water, the use of hydrodynamic, physico-chemical and other methods of influencing formations and the bottomhole zone of wells, providing opportunities for regulating development and efficient production of reserves from jointly opened formations.

190. Based on the materials of hydrodynamic and field-geophysical studies of wells to control development, the analysis of the current production of oil reserves of productive formations (deposits) is carried out. The effectiveness of the applied development system is analyzed in terms of the development of reservoir oil reserves, as well as measures aimed in the previous period at improving the reservoir impact system and increasing oil recovery.

If appropriate, the nature and degree of oil reserves development, the degree of reservoir coverage by the working agent in area and section, and the distribution of residual oil reserves. The analysis of oil reserves production is carried out according to hydrodynamic and field-geophysical studies, including: geophysical methods for monitoring development, flowmetry, thermometry, as well as methods for monitoring the saturation of strata behind the column in boreholes. The ranges of working strata thicknesses are estimated, their dynamics during the development of the deposit is analyzed, as well as the impact of ongoing geological and technical measures on them. The nature of the flow of the working agent to the producing wells is analyzed.

When combining several productive formations into one production facility, an assessment of their share in the operation of wells is performed.

Analytical methods or constructed geological and hydrodynamic models of operational facilities and the results of restoration of the development history are used to analyze the development of oil reserves in formations.

Based on the analysis of geological and field material and calculations performed, maps of residual mobile reserves and current oil saturation for various dates are constructed.

191. When allocating operational facilities as part of a multilayer deposit, such allocation is justified taking into account the similarity of the type and structure of deposits, the type of reservoirs, the geological and physical characteristics of productive formations and impermeable sections, the filtration characteristics and degree of heterogeneity of formations, the properties of reservoir fluids, the phase state and fluid saturation of formations combined into one object, the experience of developing similar deposits in the oil region.

192. A group of formations combined into one operational facility must correspond to the estimated facility for which geological and recoverable oil reserves are subject to individual approval.

193. When combining strata of two or more accounting facilities into one production facility, a justification is provided for the simultaneous use of separate well operation and separate injection, or a justification for field well research systems and flow measurement equipment that ensure high-quality reservoir accounting for production and injection of a working agent.

194. A feasibility study of the oil recovery coefficient is carried out based on the data of at least 5 options for the development of an operational facility with the possibility of implementing a RAP system.

In particular, the following are considered:

the basic one, which provides for the development of a field in accordance with an approved option or implemented in accordance with the latest project document, taking into account the implementation of all recommended measures without their development.

the option with the optimal location of the grid of wells with the PPD system (if it is advisable to implement);

an option that provides for a larger number of production wells with PPD (if appropriate);

If applicable, the recommended option approved earlier as part of the inventory calculation, with all current changes in the current state of the deposit and the fund of drilled wells.

if applicable, the development of fields according to the recommended option from the first 4, but using fundamentally new oil recovery technologies or those known but not previously used in these fields.

195. For fields where it is technically impossible to implement a reservoir pressure maintenance system due to the lack of injected agents or limitations related to the physico-hydrogeological conditions of the reservoir, 3 options are considered:

an option with the optimal location of the well grid in the natural development mode;

an option that provides for a larger number of production wells in the natural development mode.

196. For an operational facility, the production of recoverable reserves, which is more than 80%, 2 options are calculated:

the basic one, which provides for the development of the field in accordance with the approved option/ implemented in accordance with the latest project document, taking into account the implementation of all recommended measures without their development;

a variant based on the basic version using fundamentally new oil recovery technologies or those known but not previously used on it.

197. The choice of a working agent for injection into the reservoir in order to maintain reservoir pressure and displace oil from the reservoir (reservoir, technical, hot, thermal water, aqueous solutions of chemical reagents, gas of various compositions, steam, etc.) is carried out taking into account the lithological composition and reservoir properties of the productive reservoir, the rheology of oils, and the availability of the required amount of working agent.

198. Technological indicators of development options are calculated using the following methods:

The coefficient method is a technique based on a probabilistic statistical model of a layered, zonally heterogeneous reservoir. The basis for determining the CI of hydrocarbons is the product of the main coefficients: the displacement coefficient, the coverage coefficient and the flooding coefficient. This technique has various modifications that have been developed as this technique has been applied in the fields.

The model also takes into account the physical factors characterizing the oil displacement process (two-phase flow).

The material balance method is a practical application of the law of constancy of matter. When applying it, they proceed from the equality of the initial amount of fluid in the subsurface to the amount of hydrocarbon reserves extracted and remaining in the subsurface. The calculation of recoverable hydrocarbon reserves is based on data on changes in reservoir pressure and the quantitative ratios between liquid and gas (free, dissolved) during development (liquid, gas extraction).

The statistical method consists in studying the flow rate drop curves in wells. The construction of these curves is based on the generalization of statistical material for the previous time and on the extrapolation of the obtained patterns for the future to the values of the minimum maximum allowable flow rate. The recoverable reserves of the deposit are determined using graphical curves or calculations.

199. The projected technologies and recommended working agents are justified based on the results of experimental or pilot-industrial studies conducted at this field or at analog fields.

200. The choice of reservoir pressure maintenance systems, grid placement and density systems for producing and injection wells of various architectures, and the use of hydraulic fracturing are used to form feasible development options for technical and technological support, which are used to calculate technological and economic indicators over the entire development period.

201. Based on the calculations performed, options are selected to ensure optimal production of recoverable oil, gas, condensate reserves on the state balance sheet and related components contained therein, and to achieve the maximum possible extraction of hydrocarbon resources.

202. The forecast of technological indicators for the development of operational facilities and deposits and the determination of hydrocarbon reserves is carried out using geological filtration (geological and technological) models of facilities and deposits.

203. The initial geological and physical characteristics are: porosity, permeability, facies distribution, sandiness, fragmentation, oil and gas saturation, thickness, reservoir pressure, temperature, saturation pressure, displacement coefficient, viscosity, density, volume coefficient, gas content, stable condensate content, compressibility coefficient of hydrocarbons and media, capillary pressure, etc.

204. The filtration model is selected taking into account the definition of reservoir types, properties and types of fluids saturating the reservoir and injected agents, taking into account the nature of the simulated development processes.

205. Depending on the physico-chemical properties of the fluids saturating the reservoir and the injected working agents, as well as their phase behavior, the choice of a single-phase, two-phase, three-phase or multicomponent (composite) filtration model is justified.

206. To simulate the displacement of oil by water at a pressure higher than the pressure of oil saturation with gas, a two-phase filtration model can be used using one of the following methods to predict technological performance:

Coefficient methodology;

Statistical method;

The material balance method;

Geological and hydrodynamic model of the deposit.

207. Three-phase models of gas, oil, and water filtration are used to calculate the processes of developing gas and oil deposits and injecting gas in the immiscible displacement mode using one of the following methods to predict technological performance:

statistical method + material balance method;

geological and hydrodynamic model of the deposit.

208. For oil facilities developed under conditions of miscible displacement, phase transitions with solid phase deposition (paraffins, asphaltenes, etc.), oil and gas condensate facilities and facilities operated with active thermal effects on the reservoir, it is necessary to apply multicomponent (composite) GGDM filtration models.

209. The physico-hydrodynamic characteristics of formations should contain a description of the reservoir properties of reservoir rocks according to the analysis of core samples, GIS materials, hydrodynamic studies of formations and wells, characteristics of the activity of the movement of reservoir waters, initial reservoir pressures for each deposit.

When describing the physico-hydrodynamic characteristics of formations, it is necessary to indicate the wettability of reservoirs, the physico-hydrodynamic characteristics of oil displacement by a working agent (water, gas, solutions of chemical products, carbon dioxide, steam, etc.), the range of change, the average values of the initial, residual oil saturation and the corresponding final values of phase permeability for oil and water, the dependence of the initial and residual oil saturation from permeability.

The dependences of phase permeability for oil, working agents, and capillary pressure on water saturation are described, based on the results of laboratory studies of oil displacement by working agents for representative sample rocks (by characteristic sites, zones, and layers of the formation).

210. For oil and gas condensate fields, during the development of which three-phase filtration flows occur, as well as during the development of oil fields below the initial saturation pressure, it is possible to use laboratory methods to determine the relative phase permeability for three-phase systems (oil-gas-water) or to use the methods available in the technical literature for calculating them based on the phase permeability of two-phase systems (oil-water and oil-gas).

211. If there is initial information on the characteristics of oil displacement by a working agent (water, gas) in the zones of productive formations, they are given separately for the oil, water, oil, gas, and oil-gas zones of the reservoir.

212. When applying new methods to enhance oil recovery, data is provided for each of the working agents used.

The phase permeability and capillary pressure data are presented in tabular and/or graphical form as a function of saturation. Modification of phase permeabilities is allowed if they are justified by displacement coefficients.

213. When using two- and three-phase models, pressure dependences are given as the main parameters.:

viscosity, density and volume coefficients of oil and oil gas content;

viscosity, density and volume coefficient of the gas;

the viscosity, density, and volume coefficient of water and the gas content of water.

214. For multicomponent filtering models, the following are presented:

the component composition of the hydrocarbon system used, indicating the properties of pseudofractions;

PT – diagram of the reservoir system and other graphs characterizing the change in the main parameters of the system with a change in thermobaric conditions;

diagrams characterizing the phase behavior of the system when interacting with agents in the event of their injection.

Data characterizing the compressibility and, if necessary, the deformation properties of rocks are presented.

215. The results of adapting the calculation model used to the development history are presented as a whole for facilities, individual sections of large facilities, for example, for several individual wells. In the model used, it is necessary to take into account the history of well operation based on monthly actual indicators.

The dynamics of the following actual and calculated indicators is shown for the objects:

reservoir pressure;

accumulated and current production of hydrocarbons (oil and gas) and liquids;

accumulated and current upload of working agents;

water availability, gas factor.

216. The dynamics of actual and calculated indicators are given for wells: bottom–hole and reservoir pressures in the well area, hydrocarbon (oil and gas) and liquid flow rates, costs of injected working agents, water availability, and the gas factor.

217. The results of the adaptation of the model according to the development history are presented in tabular and graphical form. The period of adaptation of the model according to the development history is justified separately.

To assess the quality of model adaptation based on the development history, the following technological indicators for well-founded groups of wells are considered as control data:

Annual liquid production is no more than 5% of the historical values for the entire period of adaptation;

Annual oil production is not more than 10% of the historical values for the entire period of adaptation;

Annual production of dissolved gas is not more than 20% of historical values for the entire period of adaptation;

Annual production of free gas is not more than 10% of historical values;

Annual upload of no more than 5% of historical values for the period of adaptation;

The average reservoir pressure in the well drainage area does not exceed 20% of the historical values for the period of adaptation.

218. The initial conditions are set as known values in each cell of the difference grid and calculated taking into account hydrostatic equilibrium.

When describing the initial and boundary conditions and methods of accounting for the impact on formations and bottomhole zones of wells, a description of the conditions at the boundaries of the modeled object is given, taking into account the allocation of individual sections, and the method for setting the water pressure system is indicated.

It also describes all the accepted restrictions on the operation of wells in terms of deposits (costs), pressure, phase compositions, opening intervals, etc., and specifies methods for modeling geological and technical measures and measures to intensify hydrocarbon production.

The methods of modeling the methods of increasing oil and gas recovery are indicated.

219. The technological development indicators obtained as a result of hydrodynamic calculations are presented in tabular form according to the development options for operational facilities and the field as a whole.

Paragraph 7. Calculation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves

220. In accordance with paragraph 3, Article 12 of the Code, unconventional hydrocarbons include shale oil, shale gas, natural bitumen, coalbed methane and gas extracted from gas hydrates. Shale oil is the crude oil contained in shale rocks. Shale gas is a multicomponent mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon gases with a predominant methane content, which is in a gaseous state at normal atmospheric temperature and pressure, contained in shale rocks. A shale rock is a fine-grained clastic rock of sedimentary origin with low permeability, formed from silt, organic substances that are a mixture of flakes of clay minerals and tiny particles (fine particles of silt or clay) of other minerals, in particular quartz and calcite. Gas hydrates are recognized as solid crystalline substances of natural origin, during the decomposition of which a gas with a predominant methane content is released.

221. Shale rocks are characterized by a high content of organic matter, which is oil-generating and is a source of hydrocarbons for filling overlying traps during migration.

222. Deposits of unconventional hydrocarbons are not hydrodynamically interconnected and are characterized by increased reservoir pressure. The deposits have no plantar water and no oil-water contacts. The deposits are mainly limited by the facies substitution of reservoirs, rocks with lower reservoir filtration properties. Industrial oil inflows from unconventional reservoirs are obtained after hydraulic fracturing with the necessary material to fix the cracks.

223. Deposits of unconventional hydrocarbons are characterized by the absence of an external contour of oil content, so when calculating oil reserves and associated useful components contained in it, the unit of calculation is the entire allocated horizon in terms of the area of oil content or deposits. The boundaries of the deposit(s) are determined by the distance from the well with proven productivity and the boundaries of prospective oil-bearing zones within the Contract Territory.

224. The boundaries of prospective oil-bearing zones are determined by three-dimensional seismic exploration using special processing methods and attribute analysis, as well as based on data from drilling and testing wells or other methods.

225. For a vertical well, when tested in a column, without the use of inflow intensification methods, proven productivity includes oil flow rates of less than 1 t/day. When developing a deposit with wells with horizontal or inclined wells, when using hydraulic fracturing (hereinafter referred to as hydraulic fracturing), a value of at least 1 t/day per conducted hydraulic fracturing is used as a criterion for industrial oil production. The decision on the industrial significance of a deposit is made by the subsurface user on the basis of technical and economic calculations carried out not for the deposit as a whole, but for a separate well, where the test was carried out and the inflow of hydrocarbon was obtained.

226. Due to the absence of a WNF limiting the deposit in depth and area, and the presence of impenetrable rocks in the section that transform into reservoirs and release oil after hydraulic fracturing, the entire counting interval is considered as a single deposit, despite the difference in the lithological structure of individual strata and the lack of a hydrodynamic relationship between them.

227. The study of unconventional hydrocarbons should be carried out in accordance with the Order of the Minister of Investment and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 342 dated May 18, 2018 "On approval of the rules for the stages of exploration".

228. According to the degree of study, the assessment of reserves is divided into:

operational calculation of hydrocarbon reserves (carried out by the subsurface user, if necessary) is an assessment of hydrocarbon reserves based on primary information obtained during prospecting and (or) assessment of hydrocarbon deposits, provided that the presented geological materials allow for a preliminary assessment of the quantity and quality of hydrocarbon reserves.;

recalculation of hydrocarbon reserves is carried out when the geological structure of the field is changed and (or) clarified as a result of additional research carried out at the field or when the initial geological and (or) recoverable hydrocarbon reserves are changed according to the development data.;

The transfer of hydrocarbon reserves from the C2 category to the C1 category is performed based on the results of testing wells drilled as part of the additional exploration of productive horizons (deposits). The transfer is carried out in accordance with the Methodology for classifying reserves of deposits and forecast hydrocarbon resources.;

The increase in hydrocarbon reserves is carried out based on the results of additional research, which resulted in an increase in the volume of hydrocarbons calculated earlier due to an increase in the area of oil and gas potential and (or) the volume of oil-saturated rocks.

229. The reserves of the deposit (deposits, aggregates of deposits) are calculated by constructing a three-dimensional geological model of the deposit (deposits, aggregates of deposits).

Paragraph 8. Calculation of initial geological reserves

230. The main method for calculating the initial geological reserves of shale oil is the volumetric method, the calculation formula of which is presented in paragraph 322 of these Methods.

231. Among all the standard methods, geochemical methods based on pyrolytic core research data are auxiliary and are used to control the calculation of reserves performed by the volumetric method.

232. Due to the absence of WNF and, consequently, transition zones in the oil-bearing reservoirs of unconventional hydrocarbons, an exclusively pure oil zone is allocated when calculating reserves.

233. When calculating reserves in fields with zones characterized by different reservoir and filtration properties, it is necessary to use structural and facies analysis to distinguish such zones and structure reserves taking into account each such zone.

Paragraph 9. Defining the boundaries of stock categories

234. The boundaries of the reserve categories for the counting objects are determined by the grid step between the production wells and the boundaries of the prospective oil production zone. The distance between existing or planned production wells (hereinafter referred to as L) is determined in accordance with the recommended development option agreed upon earlier or by analogy with the developed reserve calculation facility of a neighboring field.

235. When drilling a well and confirming the results of its testing, the entire prospective oil production area within the contract territory must be classified as C2, with the exception of the C1 area.

236. The boundaries of the reserve category B are drawn at a distance of 0.5 L from the production well towards the unexplored part of the deposit. For deposits where wells with horizontal, directional wells have been drilled, the boundaries of category B are drawn throughout the entire length of the borehole, revealing the target horizon at a distance of 0.5 L from the producing well.

237. In cases where the distance between different sections of category B reserves is less than 0.5L, such sections should be combined. If the distance from the boundary of category B reserves to the C1 boundary is less than 0.5L and the project document does not provide for drilling of the operational well stock in this area, the area of category B extends to the C1 boundary.

238. The boundaries of category C1 are drawn at a distance of 1.5L from the well with an oil inflow.

239. In cases where the distance between different sections of C1 reserves is less than 1.5L, such sections are combined.

240. In cases where the distance from the boundary of the reserves of category C1 to the boundary of C2 is less than 0.5L, the area of category C1 extends to the boundary of C2.

241. If a well has been drilled within the boundaries of the reservoir contour that has not confirmed productivity, the boundary is drawn in the middle of the distance between the well with confirmed productivity and the unproductive well, but no closer than the distance 1L from the productive well. Reserves outside the new contour are subject to write-off in accordance with part two of paragraph 22 of Chapter 2 of the Rules for Providing Information on State Accounting of Mineral Reserves to government Agencies.

Paragraph 10. Determination of oil-saturated thicknesses

242. To determine the oil-saturated thicknesses in the horizon, it is necessary to identify the section intervals, the rocks of which contain reservoir fluid (hydrocarbons, water) and are able to release it during development.

243. Reservoir thicknesses in the horizon section are distinguished by a combination of qualitative features and boundary values of quantitative parameters (for example, porosity, clay content, organic matter content), which are justified by the results of analysis of core studies and well tests.

244. The criteria for reservoir allocation based on qualitative and quantitative criteria are justified on the basis of basic wells in which the horizon interval is characterized by a full range of studies.

The full range of studies includes: spectral gamma logging (SGK), gamma logging (GC), neutron logging (NC), acoustic logging (AK), gamma-gamma density logging (GGCp), induction logging (IR) (multi-probe), lateral logging (BC) (multi-probe), micro-logging (MKZ), Thermometry, Cavity profiler. The sampling density is at least 3 (three) samples per meter. The choice of drilling method and modes, the type and size of the core sampling tool ensures maximum and high-quality core removal with the necessary geological information (removal of at least 80% of the planned volume in the well).

245. Research requirements:

special geophysical methods, such as: nuclear magnetic logging (hereinafter referred to as NMR), broadband acoustic logging, electric scanner, acoustic logging;

well tests with instrumental determination of inflow intervals, including mechanical and thermoconductive flow rate measurement when fixing the inflow in the column (before and after hydraulic fracturing);

determination of the working layers behind the column (for example, thermometry, noise measurement).

246. It is necessary to present core-specific data on the base well tablet.:

the intervals of core luminescence in ultraviolet light (hereinafter referred to as UV);

porosity, permeability, clay content, water saturation;

pyrolysis results (Sorg; parameters S1, B1/Sorg*100); lithological and mineralogical composition.

Paragraph 11. Identification of reservoirs based on core research data

247. The allocation of reservoir intervals is performed based on the results of a complex of studies of the base wells.

248. Common features of collectors installed on the core:

the glow of rocks in ultraviolet light, characteristic of hydrocarbons;

increased content of carbonate and siliceous components in rocks;

presence of mobile oil according to pyrolytic analysis data;

the presence of mobile oil according to nuclear magnetic resonance data.

249. The establishment of reservoirs according to the core study data may lead to the dependence of the pyrolytic parameter S1 on the Sorghum in the reservoir rocks.

Paragraph 12. Identification of collectors according to GIS data

250. When characterizing the rock of a deposit with a significant variation in the content of the lithological and mineralogical composition by area and section, qualitative features reflecting the lithological features common to them are used to identify reservoirs based on the results of geophysical studies of wells (hereinafter referred to as GIS).:

different natural radioactivity according to gamma logging (GC) data;

an increase in the interval travel velocity of an elastic wave according to Acoustic logging (AK) data;

increasing the values on the neutron-neutron logging (NNKt) diagrams;

volumetric density values from the range of average values of gamma-gamma density logging (GGCp) in the horizon;

the presence of a mobile fluid according to NMR data.

251. In the absence of NMR data, indirect criteria based on differences in the petrophysical characteristics of reservoirs and non-collectors, such as porosity, clay content, and brittleness, are used to identify reservoirs using GIS methods.

The above qualitative features of GIS reservoirs are confirmed by the results of core analysis and well testing.

252. In an open trunk, under conditions sufficient for the penetration of drilling mud filtrate into the formation and the formation of a penetration zone, collectors are distinguished by logging according to qualitative characteristics: clay crust according to cavernometry and microprobe data; radial electrical resistivity gradient, fixed by increment of lateral logging readings over micro-shock readings and on multi-depth electrical logging methods (such as high-frequency induction logging isoparametric sensing (WIKIS) and their analogues).

253. In the case of drilling solutions that do not allow liquid filtration into the reservoir, the justification for the allocation of reservoirs is carried out using core data and field studies.

254. In the base wells, the assignment to reservoirs is based on obtaining the inflow during testing. Provided that the flow of liquid is obtained as part of the tests, all reservoir intervals that have the qualitative characteristics of a reservoir according to GIS data belong to reservoirs.;

255. For production wells in which core sampling is not planned, methods for determining the mineralogical composition and reservoir properties of rocks are mandatory. The additional complex is justified based on the data obtained from the base wells.

256. In wells drilled earlier with a limited GIS complex, it is allowed to allocate reservoirs based on reservoir correlation with neighboring wells.

257. If there is insufficient data to determine the reservoir's capacity filtration parameters, the value of these parameters is assumed by analogy with the correlated reservoir in the base well.

Paragraph 13. Determination of the porosity coefficient by GIS and core

258. The porosity of horizon deposits includes the volume of void space represented by open and closed pores.

259. Justification of porosity coefficients according to GIS data (hereinafter referred to as GIS Kp) is carried out on the basis of GIS of basic wells. The quality control of the HGCp method is carried out by comparing the ranges of readings on the HGCp curve and the volume density of the core (the values for these methods are correlated). After that, the Kp determination method is extended to the remaining wells in accordance with the identified patterns.

260. GIS KP is determined in various ways and approaches, including deterministic, statistical, with the possible use of machine learning.

To eliminate errors caused by the influence of unaccounted-for factors (features of the mineral composition, types and properties of Sorghum, limitations of GIS equipment), Kp is determined by several methods, taking into account variations in the mineral composition by section and the amount of Sorghum in rocks.

261. In the base wells, the control of the determination of Kp by GIS is carried out using data from laboratory core studies. In the remaining wells, the Kp calculation results correspond to the range of values for the base wells. In case of insufficient staffing of the necessary GIS methods in the wells, the Kp is installed by analogy with the reservoir layer in the base well.

Paragraph 14. Determination of the oil saturation coefficient

262. The coefficient of oil saturation of reservoirs (hereinafter referred to as Kn) of horizon deposits is determined based on the results of core examination and GIS materials.

263. When examining the core within 12 months from the moment of sampling, the oil saturation coefficient is determined by the formula presented in paragraph 328 of these Methods.

For core samples taken over a period of more than 12 months from the date of sampling, this method is not used due to the possible occurrence of high errors.

264. Kn is determined according to GIS data, taking into account the magnitude of the electrical resistivity of rocks. For this purpose, the dependence of the electrical resistivity on the volume moisture content of the rock, presented in paragraph 329 of these Methods, is used.

265. The intervals of collectors characterized by Kern are used to construct the dependence. The electrical resistivity of rocks is determined by lateral logging data.

266. In the absence of laboratory studies, the Kn is justified according to the data of the nearest analog deposits.

Paragraph 15. Determination of the oil-bearing area

267. When determining the area of a deposit, the following methods can be used:

correlation of sediments from the section of the opened well in the exploration area with other wells and the results of seismic exploration;

determination of the stratigraphic distribution of a natural reservoir;

establishment of a reflecting horizon for the true hypsometric mark of the tire sole (according to 2D/3D seismic data);

tracing the reflecting horizon using modern software tools;

identification of the lateral boundaries of individual facies zones based on attribute analysis of 3D seismic data.

268. For productive and promising formations of the terrigenous section, the boundaries of the oil and gas deposit are clarified based on the use of contours of increased acoustic stiffness, sandiness, porosity, density of distribution of hydrocarbons, reduced values of clay, contours of increased carbonate content, fracturing, using a sedimentation model, pressure trends, temperature, sorghum content, etc.

Paragraph 16. Conversion factor, oil density

269. The conversion coefficient and density of oil are determined from conditioned deep (surface) hydrocarbon samples in laboratory conditions, or are taken by analogy with the deposit of a given or neighboring field.

Paragraph 17. Calculation of recoverable oil reserves and justification of the oil recovery coefficient

270. The oil recovery coefficient is determined by the formula presented in paragraph 330 of these Methods.

271. If the recoverable reserves of dissolved gas are less than 1 million m3, then the reserves of extraction of dissolved gas are proposed to be ignored.

272. Projected oil production and recoverable horizon reserves are calculated using production reduction curves. This method is used for development projects involving the use of vertical, directional and horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing.

273. The calculation and accounting of recoverable oil reserves is carried out separately for each well (commissioned and designed).

274. The calculation of initial recoverable oil reserves for design wells is based on an analysis of production changes for commissioned wells.

275. The average monthly flow rate of previously drilled wells is used as a forecast indicator of development for each well. The forecast evaluates statistical characteristics, including correlation coefficients.

276. To determine the recoverable reserves for each well (drilled and designed), the calculation is carried out based on the conditions of technological decommissioning of the well.

277. When determining recoverable reserves of category B, the entire area of the specified category is divided into sections for each well. The recoverable reserves for each well, calculated from the production drop curves, are summarized and relate to the entire category B site.

278. For categories C1, the average production curve for category B for all design wells is used to calculate recoverable reserves for similar development parameters (length of horizontal trunk, distance between wells, hydraulic fracturing volumes) and similar geological parameters for calculating reserves (Neff, Kp, Kn).

279. For the C2 reserve category, the conditional oil recovery coefficient (hereinafter referred to as CIN) is assumed to be 10% of the CIN of the category (B+C1) reserves.

280. For fields that are at the exploration stage, when implementing a project for trial exploitation of a deposit (carried out if necessary), it is allowed to calculate the KIN for wells producing oil.

Paragraph 18. Economic assessment of technological options for the development of hydrocarbon deposits

281. The economic assessment of technological options for the development of hydrocarbon deposits (hereinafter referred to as the Economic Assessment) defines a unified approach to the assessment of options for the development of hydrocarbon deposits and is intended for design institutes engaged in project design and for conducting State expertise of the subsoil.

The economic assessment contains general provisions, basic concepts, calculation of the revenue side, calculation of the expenditure side, calculation of integral indicators of economic assessment and the choice of an option recommended for development.

282. The economic assessment reflects the technological and technical features associated with the development of hydrocarbon deposits.

283. The economic assessment includes technological indicators of development options calculated within the framework of the feasibility study of unconventional hydrocarbons.

284. The planning interval in the calculations is set as a time interval corresponding to one calendar year. The assessment of the technical and economic indicators of each option is carried out over a profitable period of field development, during which the cash flow takes on a positive value. It is allowed to include years in the period of profitable development when the cash flow of the project becomes negative due to significant capital investments. The final year of a cost-effective valuation is the year after which the cash flow has been running for 3 (three) years. years takes on constant negative values.

285. The economic indicators of the development of a hydrocarbon deposit are determined in accordance with the levels of technological development indicators projected according to the options.

286. Economic efficiency reflects the ratio of expenditure and revenue in relation to the considered technological options.

287. The result of the economic assessment is the justification of the most rational option for the development of the field, which meets the criterion of achieving the maximum economic effect from the possible complete extraction of hydrocarbon reserves from the formations while complying with the requirements of protection of the subsoil and the environment in accordance with the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

288. The system of indicators used to determine the effectiveness of the recommended development option takes into account the interests of the subsurface user, as well as the interests of the budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

289. The economic assessment provides for:

calculation of the revenue side;

calculation of capital investments;

calculation of operating costs;

calculation of depreciation charges;

calculation of taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget;

calculation of integral indicators of economic assessment.

the choice of an option recommended for further implementation.

290. Unless otherwise stipulated by the terms of the subsurface use contract, all mandatory tax deductions are calculated in accordance with the norms of the current tax legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

291. In the event that the period of cost-effective assessment exceeds the period of validity of the license or contract for subsurface use, the assessment of integral indicators, after the expiration of the contract, takes into account the provisions of the tax legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, while the summary integral table is provided separately for two assessment periods.:

The first assessment period (the initial assessment year) is (the year of completion of the license or contract for subsurface use);

The second evaluation period (the year of completion of the license or contract for subsurface use +1) is (the final year of cost–effective evaluation).

The recommended development option is selected based on the first evaluation period.

292. The instructions for the economic assessment of options for the development of a hydrocarbon deposit are applicable to the following project documents:

calculation of hydrocarbon reserves;

recalculation of hydrocarbon reserves;

recalculation of recoverable hydrocarbon reserves.

293. No feasibility study is being carried out for projects for the operational assessment of hydrocarbon reserves.

294. The economically viable recovery coefficient (hereinafter referred to as CI) of hydrocarbons is determined over the period of profitable field development.

295. The following economic performance criteria should be used to evaluate the project:

total Government cash flow (CFgov);

total cash flow of the subsurface user (CFinv);

discounted cash flow of the subsurface user (NPV);

the internal rate of profitability of the subsurface user (IRR).

Subsurface User Profitability Index (PI);

a simple payback period for the invested funds of the subsurface user;

the discounted payback period of the subsurface user's invested funds.

296. The system of evaluation indicators includes:

capital investments for field development;

operating costs for the extraction of hydrocarbons;

Sensitivity analysis is an analysis of the risks associated with the deviation of the initial data from the initially estimated values. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a series of calculations showing the deviation of performance indicators depending on the change in one of the main parameters (with the values of all others unchanged).

297. It is necessary to assess the impact of the following risk factors, the change of which affects the effectiveness of the project:

the volume of hydrocarbon production;

prices for the sale of the corresponding hydrocarbons on the domestic and foreign markets;

the volume of capital investments;

the amount of current expenses.

298. It is proposed to determine the values of risk factors (acceptable deviations from those assumed in calculations), at which the net discounted income of a subsurface user remains positive, in the range from +/-20% to +/-40%;

Paragraph 19. Calculation of the main indicators of economic assessment

299. Revenue from sales of products is determined based on projected production volumes by year and projected unit prices.

Revenue from sales for each evaluation period is calculated as the product of the selling price of hydrocarbons and production volumes, minus technological losses, and is calculated according to the formula provided in paragraph 331 of these Methods.

300. Net profit from the sale of products is the total income of the subsurface user from the sale of hydrocarbons, reduced by the amount of operating costs, including depreciation charges and the total amount of taxes allocated to the budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The calculation of net profit is carried out according to the formula presented in paragraph 332 of these Methods.

Paragraph 20. Calculation of the expenditure part of the project

301. Capital investments are calculated based on the years of field commissioning until the end of drilling and development, and beyond this period, if necessary.

The calculation of capital investments is carried out in separate areas, including the cost of drilling wells, the cost of oilfield development and infrastructure.

302. Capital investments in drilling wells are determined based on the estimated cost of one well or the cost of 1 meter of drilling, set depending on the depth of the well, the number of producing, injection and other wells introduced from drilling.

303. The calculation of capital investments in oilfield facilities is carried out in accordance with the volume technological indicators for each development option.

304. Capital investments in the construction of facilities for the collection and transportation of oil, water supply, electricity, for reservoir pressure maintenance systems, thermal effects on the reservoir, communications, and others are calculated by direct calculation or using multiplication of specific capital expenditures in the appropriate direction by the number of oil wells introduced from drilling, and in the flooding of oil reservoirs – by the number of injection wells.

305. Capital investments for oil treatment and treatment facilities are calculated using the direct calculation method or are calculated by multiplying the specific capital expenditures in the relevant area by the oil production and purification capacity commissioned in a given year.

306. Capital investments for infrastructure are calculated using the direct calculation method or calculated as a percentage of the total cost of oilfield construction.

307. When evaluating development options, operating costs are determined by type of cost – items of calculation or cost elements.

Operating costs are calculated in accordance with the main specific technological performance indicators, based on the technology and techniques of oil production, treatment and transportation.

The operating costs are divided into production costs and period costs.

308. Production costs are calculated in accordance with specific current costs and volume technological indicators in the context of the following items:

maintenance of production and injection wells;

energy costs for mechanized liquid extraction;

maintaining reservoir pressure;

thermal effect on the reservoir;

collection and transportation of oil and gas;

technological preparation of oil;

salary fund for production staff;

other production costs.

In addition to the traditional calculation items as part of the operating costs of oil and gas production, the structure of operating costs must take into account environmental costs, taxes related to the cost of production and depreciation charges.

309. The expenses of the period related to the production activities of the enterprise include:

administrative staff salary fund;

payment for bank services;

travel expenses within the limit;

representative expenses within the limits of the norms;

compensation in case of dismissal of employees, commission expenses;

fixed asset rental expenses;

other non-production costs.

310. The operational costs section also includes:

sales expenses, consisting of the costs of storage, transportation of products, as well as export customs duties.

contractual payments for financing the training of Kazakhstani personnel, research, scientific, technical and (or) development work, and contributions to the socio-economic development of the region and the development of its infrastructure.

The costs of eliminating the consequences of subsurface use in the field are the total costs of eliminating wells, the costs of dismantling fishing facilities and administrative buildings, and the costs of land reclamation. The calculation of the accrual of liquidation costs during the assessment period is carried out in accordance with the current legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

311. The following methods are used to calculate depreciation charges for fixed assets:

straight-line debit method;

the reduced balance method;

the production method.

312. The straight–line write-off method is the accrual of a constant amount of depreciation in the reporting period over the life of fixed assets.

313. The reduced balance method is a gradual reduction in depreciation over the life of fixed assets. The amount of depreciation charges under this method is estimated as a percentage of the current book value of the asset, that is, less the accumulated depreciation amounts.

314. The production method is based on the fact that depreciation is only the result of the production capacity of the facility in operation, and time periods do not affect the process of its accrual. With this method, depreciation is directly proportional to the amount of hydrocarbons produced.

Depreciation charges attributed to the cost of production must be calculated using the production method.

315. When conducting subsurface use operations under existing contracts concluded in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, subsurface users pay all taxes and payments to the budget established by the Tax Code.:

excess profit tax;

subscription bonus;

payment for reimbursement of historical expenses;

alternative tax on subsurface use;

mining tax;

rental tax;

property tax;

land tax;

transport tax;

payroll taxes;

corporate income tax.

If the subsurface user has a special tax regime, then the tax system and payments are formed with the terms of the contract for calculating special payments.:

royalties;

the share of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the production division.

The procedure for classifying a deposit (group of deposits, part of a deposit) as low-profitable, high-viscosity, flooded, low-flow and depleted, their list and the procedure for taxation in terms of mineral extraction tax are determined by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Fulfillment of tax obligations on activities carried out under a subsurface use contract does not exempt a subsurface user from fulfilling a tax obligation to carry out activities beyond the scope of the subsurface use contract in accordance with the tax legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in force on the date of the tax obligation.

Paragraph 21. Integral indicators of economic assessment

316. When assessing the economic efficiency of the development of a hydrocarbon deposit, it is necessary to take into account the cash flows of the state as an essential factor. Revenues to the State budget are generated through taxes and other mandatory payments established by the Tax Code and the subsoil use contract and are calculated according to the formula provided in paragraph 333 of these Methods.

317. The discounted cash flow of a subsurface user is defined as the sum of current annual flows, expressed in monetary terms by the first year of assessment and calculated according to the formula provided in paragraph 335 of these Methods.

Paragraph 22. Evaluation of options for economic feasibility

318. The ultimate goal of the economic assessment of options for the development of a hydrocarbon deposit is to choose the best option that ensures the feasibility of industrial development of the projected facility and the highest efficiency of hydrocarbon production, both for the state and for the subsurface user.

319. As the main indicator of the effectiveness of an ongoing investment project for the state, it is necessary to consider the total payments of taxes to the state budget for a profitable assessment period.

320. Discounted cash flow, profitability index, payback period (simple, discounted), and internal rate of profitability should be considered as the main indicator of the effectiveness of an ongoing investment project for a subsurface user.

321. The selection of the recommended field development option within the framework of the feasibility study should be carried out in two stages.

At the first stage of the assessment, out of all the calculated options, it is necessary to select two options with the maximum total cash flows of the subsurface user and the state for a profitable assessment period, while the total cash flow of the subsurface user of the selected options is accepted with a positive value.

At the second stage, the decision on the effectiveness of the selected two options should be made based on the analysis of the following integral indicators of the effectiveness of the investment project:

discounted cash flow of the subsurface user;

the internal rate of profitability of the subsurface user;

subsurface user profitability index;

discounted payback period for subsurface user investments;

a simple payback period for a subsurface user's investment

Paragraph 23. Formulas used in calculations of hydrocarbon reserves and in the economic assessment of technological options for the development of hydrocarbon deposits

322. The initial geological reserves of oil are calculated using the following formula:

where:

Qh – initial geological reserves of oil, thousand tons;

F is the area of the deposit, thousand. m2;

hef.n – effective oil-saturated thickness, m;

Kp is the coefficient of open porosity, fractions of units.;

Kn is the coefficient of oil saturation, fractions of units.;

q is a conversion factor that takes into account oil shrinkage, fractions of units.;

gn is the density of oil in surface conditions, t/m3.

323. The calculation of the initial geological reserves of gas dissolved in oil, determined by the initial geological reserves of oil and the initial gas content of oil, determined by reservoir samples during their differential degassing, is carried out using the following formula:

where:

Qr.y - geological reserves of gas dissolved in oil, mln. m3;

Qh - initial gas content of oil, m3/t;

G - geological reserves of oil, thousand tons.

324. The calculation of geological reserves of associated components (sulfur, paraffin, etc.) contained in oil is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

QComp.0 – geological reserves of the component, thousand tons;

Pcomp.0 is the percentage of the component in the oil;

Qh0 – geological oil reserves, thousand tons.

325. The calculation of free gas reserves is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

V – recoverable gas reserves as of the calculation date, m3;

F is the area within the productive gas supply circuit, m2;

h is the thickness of the gas–bearing reservoir, m;

Kp is the porosity coefficient, fractions of units.;

Kg is the coefficient of gas saturation, fractions of units.;

ph is the average initial pressure in the gas reservoir, kg/cm2

pk is the final, average residual absolute pressure (kg/cm2) in the reservoir after the extraction of industrial gas reserves and the establishment of an absolute pressure of 1 kg/cm2 at the wellhead.;

a and ak are corrections for the deviation of hydrocarbon gases from the Boyle–Marriott law, respectively, for pressures ph and pk,

* – temperature correction to bring the gas volume to the standard temperature, (* = 20 ° C, T = 273 °C);

0.968 is the coefficient of conversion of technical atmospheres into physical ones (9.87 is the coefficient of conversion of MPa into physical atmospheres).

Table 1.

Critical gas temperatures and pressures:

Download

Gases

Critical pressure, 1 kg*cm2

Critical temperature, approx

Methane

47,2

191,0

Ethan

50,0

306,0

N-pentals

34,1

470,0

Heptane

30,3

561,0

Nitrogen

34,6

126,0

Oxygen

51,3

154,5

Carbon dioxide

75,4

304,0

Hydrogen sulfide

91,8

374,0

326. The initial geological reserves of condensate are calculated using the following formula:

Qkgeol. = Qgeol. * Kpm,

where:

Qgeol. – geological gas reserves (million m3);

Kpm is the potential content of stable condensate in the gas (g/m3)

Qqvl. = Qkgeol. *, where:

Qkgeol. – geological reserves of condensate (thousand tons);

Ⴔ is the condensate recovery coefficient (d.units).

327. The specific content of ethane (qc2), propane (qc3), butane (qc4) is determined using the following formula:

where:

Mc2, Mc3, Mc4 – the molecular weight of ethane, propane, butanes;

Vc2, Vc3, Vc4 – the volume percentage of ethane, propane, butanes.

Reserves of ethane (Bs2), propane (Bs3), butane (Bs4) are determined by the formulas:

328. The determination of the oil saturation coefficient in the core study is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

We – volume humidity,

Kp is the porosity coefficient of the sample, determined after the distillation and adsorption process.

329. The dependence of the electrical resistivity on the volume of rock moisture is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

Rp – electrical resistivity,

Wb – volume humidity.

330. The oil recovery coefficient is calculated using the following formula:

where:

KIN is the coefficient of oil recovery;

Vgeol – geological oil reserves, thousand tons;

Vpvl – recoverable oil reserves, thousand tons.

331. The calculation of sales revenue for each evaluation period is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

{Revenue}_t – revenue from the sale of hydrocarbons,

{PriceHC}_t – the selling price of hydrocarbons,

{QHC}_t – volume of hydrocarbon production,

{LossHC}_t – technological losses of hydrocarbons,

t is the year of the assessment.

332. The calculation of net profit from the sale of products is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

{NetIncome}_t – net profit from product sales,

{Revenue}_t – revenue from the sale of products,

{Opex}_t – operating costs,

{Taxes}_t – taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget,

A_t – depreciation charges,

t is the year of the assessment.

333. The calculation of revenues to the state budget is carried out according to the following formula:

where:

{CF}_{gov} – the total cash flow of the state over a profitable period,

n is the last profitable evaluation year,

{Taxes}_t – taxes and other mandatory payments to the budget for the period,

t is the year of the assessment.

334. The total cash flow of a subsurface user is defined as the sum of the cash flow over the period of cost-effective evaluation of the project.

where:

{CF}_{inv} – the total cash flow of the subsurface user received during the profitable period,

{NetIncome}_t – net profit from product sales,

{Capex}_t – capital investments,

{CPtax}_t – corporate income tax,

{EPtax}_t\ – excess profit tax,

n is the last profitable evaluation year,

t is the year of the assessment.

335. The calculation of the discounted cash flow of a subsurface user is carried out using the following formula:

where:

NPV – discounted cash flow of the subsurface user,

{CF}_t – the subsurface user's cash flow,

r is the discount rate.,

n is the last profitable evaluation year,

t is the year of the assessment.

Appendix 1 to Methods for calculating reserves of minerals, including those related to non-traditional hydrocarbons

The list of the main parameters of conditions for different types of minerals

Download

Metals and non-metallic raw materials

Coals and oil shales

on-board content of the component (or conditional component) in the sample; coefficients for reducing the contents of useful associated components to the conditional contents of the main component, the minimum contents of the components taken into account in the reduction; the minimum industrial content of the useful component in the calculation block; the minimum coefficient of ore content in the calculation block; the minimum content of the component or conditional component in the marginal mining;the maximum permissible content of harmful impurities in the calculation block; the list of associated components, for which reserves must be calculated; the minimum capacity of the mineral bodies included in the calculation, or the corresponding minimum percentage (metrogram); the maximum thickness of the layers of waste rocks, substandard ores included in the calculation of reserves; the minimum reserves in isolated (isolated) bodies that belong to the balance sheet; the maximum depth of calculation of reserves, the maximum overburden coefficient.

the minimum true capacity of coal (shale) formations, and in formations of complex structure – parts of the formation that are subject to independent development; the maximum capacity of rock layers included in the formation of complex structure during its gross excavation, or the minimum capacity of such layers intended for selective excavation and dividing the formation into parts that are subject to independent calculation and development; the maximum ash content of coal (for shale – the minimum heat of combustion in terms of dry fuel), for layers of complex structure (or their parts subject to selective excavation) additionally – the maximum average layer ash content, taking into account the clogging of coal (shale) by intra-layer rock layers and unstable rocks extracted during mining of the roof and soil of the formation; a list of associated components (separately by technological types of minerals), for which reserves must be calculated, if necessary – the minimum content of these components at the intersection or counting block; formations, sections, blocks that are not worked out due to particularly difficult mining and geological conditions or due to a small number of reserves, fragmentation, intense disturbance; the maximum depth of reserves, for the open method additionally - the maximum stripping coefficients.

Appendix 2 to Methods for calculating reserves of minerals, including those related to non-traditional hydrocarbons

The scheme of the text part of the materials for revaluation of operational groundwater reserves

For explored deposits (first group)

n/a Name of sections and chapters

1. Introduction

2. Brief description of the deposit (geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical, hydrological)

3. The results of the field survey:

1) ecological, sanitary and hydrogeological condition;

2) technical condition of water intake wells;

3) the technical condition of the observation well network.

4. Methodology of additional hydrogeological studies and monitoring systems (if any)

5. Characterization of changes within the field that have occurred since the previous review (environmental, man-made, hydrological, socio-economic), and assessment of their impact on the quality and quantity of groundwater

6. Calculation of operational reserves (if there are changes)

7. Conclusion

Appendix 3 to Methods for calculating reserves of minerals, including those related to non-traditional hydrocarbons

The scheme of the text part of the materials for revaluation of operational groundwater reserves

For developed fields (second group)

n/a Name of sections and chapters

1. Introduction

2. Brief description of the deposit (geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical, hydrological)

3. The results of the field survey:

1) ecological, sanitary and hydrogeological condition;

2) technical condition of water intake wells;

3) the technical condition of the observation well network

4. Methodology of additional hydrogeological studies and monitoring systems (if any)

5. Analysis of the water intake operation mode

6. Comparison of forecasts and actual operational results:

1) hydrodynamic forecasts (costs, depressions, boundary conditions);

2) hydrogeological parameters;

3) hydrochemical forecasts;

4) geoecological forecasts.

7. Calculation of operational reserves

8. Recommendations on reconstruction and operation of water intakes

9. Conclusion

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