Article 2. The basic concepts used in this Law of the Law on Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data

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The following basic concepts are used in this Law:

1) atlas is a cartographic work consisting of many maps combined by a common program;

2) altitude reference system – a reference system for determining the heights of points on the Earth's surface relative to the initial leveled surface;

3) the unified digital cartographic framework is an electronic information resource that is an integral cartographic part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure and a systematized set of basic spatial data on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.;

4) geographical information system – an information system that provides the collection, processing, analysis, modeling, storage, dissemination and other use of spatial information about the Earth, about objects of the Earth's surface, natural, man-made and social processes;

5) geographical information resources – a set of electronic databases of spatial data and metadata;

6) geodesy is a field of relations arising in the process of scientific, technical and industrial activities to determine the shape, size and external gravitational field of the Earth, coordinates and heights of points on the Earth's surface and their changes over time, carried out for the purpose of making maps and plans, as well as to ensure the solution of various engineering problems on the Earth's surface;

7) the authorized body in the field of geodesy, cartography and spatial data (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body) is the central executive body responsible for the management and intersectoral coordination in the field of geodesy, cartography and spatial data;

8) geodetic and cartographic activity – scientific, technical, production, management and other activities related to the performance of works, provision of services in the field of geodesy, cartography and spatial data, as well as obtaining geodetic and cartographic materials and spatial data;

9) geodetic network – a set of geodetic points whose position on the Earth's surface is determined on the basis of geodetic measurements in a common reference system of geodetic coordinates.;

10) geodetic point – an engineering structure that fixes a point on the Earth's surface with certain coordinates and (or) heights, and (or) gravity values;

11) geoportal is an information system that provides access to spatial data and geoservices of spatial data through telecommunications;

12) hydrographic works – a complex of works carried out to obtain detailed information about the situation on water bodies, as well as to collect data on their relief and water surface;

13) gravimetric reference system – a reference system for determining absolute or relative measurements of gravity acceleration;

14) gravimetric network – a set of geodetic points with known values of gravity acceleration in a common gravimetric reference system.;

15) datum – a set of parameters of an ellipsoid or quasi-geoid fixed at a certain point in time.;

16) local coordinate reference system – the coordinate reference system of the projection, established in relation to a limited area;

17) remote sensing of the Earth is the process of obtaining information about the Earth's surface by observing and measuring from outer space and airspace the own and reflected radiation of the elements of the land, ocean and atmosphere;

18) geodynamic studies of the Earth – the study of modern movements and deformations of the Earth's crust;

19) plan – a drawing depicting on a plane a certain area, structures by the method of direct horizontal projection;

20) interoperability is the principle of interoperability, expressing the ability of spatial data, metadata, hardware and software for functional and informational interaction;

21) map – a reduced generalized image of the earth's surface, other natural celestial bodies or their parts on a plane, obtained in accordance with established requirements in a certain projection, as well as using conventional signs.;

22) a schematic map is a simplified and generalized cartographic image;

23) cartography is a field of relations arising in the process of scientific, technical and industrial activities for the study, creation and use of cartographic works.;

24) cartographic materials – cartographic works and other graphic, digital, text documents used for making maps;

25) cartographic products – reduced, measurable and generalized images obtained as a result of cartographic activity on paper and electronic media of the surface of the Earth and celestial bodies, constructed according to certain mathematical laws and in the accepted system of conventional signs;

26) cartographic projection is a mathematically defined way of displaying the Earth's surface;

27) quasi–geo - a mathematical rigorous model calculated on the basis of ground-based geodetic measurements and values of gravity potentials without involving data on the distribution of masses, the surface of which approximates the physical surface of the Earth;

28) spatial data – information containing information about the location of terrain objects, provided in a specific form and coordinate reference system;

29) spatial data geoservices (hereinafter referred to as geoservices) is an electronic information resource that provides the user with tools for performing operations with spatial data and (or) metadata and exists as an independent product or plug–in service.;

30) Spatial data infrastructure – technology, standards, and geographic information resources designed to collect, process, analyze, model, store, distribute, provide, and effectively use spatial data;

31) spatial object – an abstract representation of a real-world object with its location or belonging to a geographical area;

32) coordinate transformation – the transition from one coordinate reference system to another coordinate reference system, which are based on the same datums.;

33) coordinate transformation – the transition from one coordinate reference system associated with one datum to another coordinate reference system with another datum;

34) coordinate reference system – geodetic coordinate system connected to the Earth by means of a datum;

35) the duty reference map of the Republic of Kazakhstan is a geographical information resource that displays geodetic and cartographic study of the area, three–dimensional spatial data of open and limited use, taking into account changes in the boundaries of administrative-territorial units, as well as changes in geographical objects and their names, which are subject to accounting and display on updated and newly created maps and plans of the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

36) scale – the ratio of the length of a line on a map or plan to its horizontal projection on the ground.;

37) delimitation is the definition of the position and direction of the State Border of the Republic of Kazakhstan by agreement between neighboring states, formalized by an international treaty ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan, and graphically depicted on maps attached to this international treaty.;

38) state geodetic network – a geodetic network used for the purpose of establishing and (or) distributing the state coordinate reference system;

39) state gravimetric network – gravimetric networks used for the purpose of establishing and (or) distributing a single gravimetric framework;

40) state reference system – a set of state coordinate, altitude and gravimetric reference systems;

41) state leveling network – a leveling network used for the purpose of establishing and (or) distributing the state height reference system;

42) metadata – information describing sets of spatial data and geoservices;

43) leveling network – a set of geodetic points, the heights of which are determined in a common height reference system for them.;

44) thematic map, plan, atlas, map-scheme – cartographic works, the main content of which is determined by a specific theme, plot, natural or social phenomena or their combination;

45) topographic plan is a cartographic representation on a plane in an orthogonal projection on a certain scale of a limited area within which the curvature of the leveled surface is not taken into account.;

46) topographic map – a detailed cartographic image of an area on a certain scale using classifiers and conventional signs, which makes it possible to determine both the planned and the altitude position of points on the earth's surface;

47) a permanent reference station is a complex of radio–electronic and technical means located at a point with known spatial coordinates, with the help of which signals from global navigation satellite systems are received for subsequent processing and transmission of corrective information to users;

48) National Spatial Data Fund – a set of spatial data in digital and (or) analog form, subject to accounting, long-term storage for the purpose of their further use by subjects of geodetic and cartographic activities, having national, intersectoral, special and (or) sectoral significance;

49) demarcation is the definition and designation of the State Border of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the ground, formalized by an international treaty ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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