About the State program of rural development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2004-2010
Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 10, 2003 No. 1149
In accordance with subparagraph 8) of Article 44 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, I hereby decree:
1. To approve the attached State Program for the Development of Rural Areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2004-2010 (hereinafter referred to as the Program).
2. The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan should develop and approve an action plan for the implementation of the Program within one month.
3. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other ministries, agencies and akims of the regions involved should take measures to implement the Program.
4. The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan is responsible for monitoring and coordinating the implementation of the Program.
5. This Decree comes into force from the date of signing.
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Approved By Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 10, 2003 No. 1149
State program for the development of rural territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2004-2010 Passport
Name State Rural Development Program for 2004-2010
Footing Messages of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan K022003 "On the main directions of domestic and foreign policy for 2003" and K032004 "On the main directions of domestic and foreign policy for 2004"
Main Developer Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic Kazakhstan
Goal Creation of normal living conditions for an aul (village) based on optimization of rural settlement
Tasks To achieve the Program's objectives, it is planned to solve the following tasks: analysis of the current situation according to the main indicators of socio-economic development based on the certification of rural settlements (hereinafter referred to as SNPs); classification of SNPs according to the criteria of the level of socio-economic development; development of priority measures for the development of economic activity, investment in construction, repair and reconstruction of social and engineering infrastructure facilities; organization of monitoring of socio-economic development of rural settlements, environmental safety of rural areas, assessment of land resources; development of standards and standards for providing rural residents with social and engineering infrastructure services; development and implementation of programs to stimulate the resettlement of rural residents; development of a model of effective rural settlement and measures to implement it
The main priorities of the state support measures will be directed to the development of life support infrastructure, primarily in rural settlements with high socio-economic development potential, ensuring the necessary level of income for rural residents.
Sources Funds from national and local budgets, funds from extra-budgetary sources (borrowed funds, direct investments, grants and funds from other financial institutions)
Expected end result At the first stage, the achievement of a dynamic result from the real growth of the economy of the SNP, providing the program with an acceptable level of social benefits for rural residents, at the second stage, the optimal settlement of rural residents in regions with prospects for life support.
Implementation period The first stage - 2004-2006, the second stage - 2007-2010
"... Historically, in Kazakhstan, especially in the era of the command economy, the settlement of people in rural areas has been unsuccessful both from the standpoint of a market economy and for social and environmental reasons. As a result, a depressed economy has become a characteristic feature of many rural areas. ...The entire financial and economic policy of the state, including social and agricultural, should be selectively aimed only at territories that are promising from the perspective of human activity and the functioning of the market."
N.A. Nazarbayev
Introduction
In accordance with the President's Address to the People of Kazakhstan, the problems of the village have been identified as a priority in the strategic course of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2003-2005. In June 2002 The Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved the State Agri-food Program for this period, which provides for measures aimed at improving the efficiency of the agri-food complex. At the same time, against the general background of economic growth, the disparity in the standard of living of urban and rural populations is increasing, and regional income differences are significant. 43% of the country's population lives in rural areas, of which about one third, according to official statistics, have incomes below the subsistence level. Further conservation of this condition increases the differentiation of the country's population in terms of living standards, negatively affects the socio-political atmosphere of society, affects human development indicators and the investment image of the country. Taking into account the peculiarities of the development of the agri-food sector and the growth of incomes from agricultural activities, the existing oversupply of the rural population is one of the reasons for restraining the growth of the standard of living of the population and is becoming a serious problem in planning the sustainable development of the country. The problem is further aggravated by irrational settlement schemes that have survived since the days of the administrative economy, as a result of which, when forming investment programs, inefficient investments continue to be made for the development of rural social infrastructure, and migration processes are spontaneous and uncontrollable. The development of this program is caused by the need to take measures for the effective development of rural areas and the formation of optimal rural settlement schemes that allow resources to be concentrated in economically promising habitats and ensure an acceptable income level for the rural population.
I. Conceptual framework, purpose, objectives and stages of implementation of the State Rural Development Program
1.1. Conceptual framework
The difference between agricultural production and other industries and its specificity lies in the fact that agriculture is not only a sphere of production, but also a sphere of life for a large mass of the country's population. Rural economy and rural settlement are inextricably linked: rural settlements have historically been formed on the basis of agricultural activities and ceased to exist with the cessation of the latter. Recent history only confirms this pattern: the crisis in agricultural production has led to an outflow of the population and the collapse of life support systems in rural settlements. This process continues today. In 2000-2002 alone, about 300 settlements self-destructed. According to the akimats, today there are 136 non-abolished SNPs, where there is no population. The process of reforming agricultural production, its transfer to market rails, and the use of marketing strategies to assess the growth of agricultural potential have exposed the problem of an oversupply of rural population. The capacity of the domestic market is insufficient for balanced consumption of agricultural products produced in the country. The income received from its production does not provide minimum standards of living for rural residents. Calculations show that in order to achieve an average per capita level equal to the minimum subsistence level (4.6 thousand tenge), the rural population should be 5.6 million people, i.e. about 900 thousand people should be released, and at the level of the average per capita monetary income in the Republic of Kazakhstan equal to 7.7 thousand tenge, the rural population should decrease by almost 2 twice and amount to about 3.5 million people. The agricultural sector, despite recent favorable weather conditions, remains a high-risk and low-profit sector of the economy. Taking into account the capacity of foreign and domestic markets, the projected increase in agricultural production under the optimistic scenario will amount to slightly more than 10% by the end of 2006 (57 billion tenge excluding inflation). It can be stated that the opportunities for increasing income growth in the agricultural sector are limited. The low level of agricultural technologies and technologies for processing agricultural products is the main reason for the lack of competitiveness of domestic products on global and domestic markets, reducing potential revenues in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in the State Agri-food Program for 2003-2005, approved by The Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan provides for measures to intensify the agricultural economy, reduce costs through the use of scientifically based agricultural technologies, which in the future will inevitably lead to additional release of employees in the industry. In the light of this, the problem of rural overpopulation and ensuring decent living conditions for rural communities is becoming relevant. The problem of raising the village should not be solved by the old costly methods, when each department or local authority responsible for certain issues of state regulation tried to solve them at its own level of expediency. Significant government resources were used to solve current problems without proper awareness of the problem as a whole. Thus, the situation remained the same, and the available funds were used inefficiently. The President's Message highlights the need for a state policy aimed at supporting rural areas that are promising from the standpoint of human activity and the functioning of the market. The global experience of state regulation of rural development also shows that state regulation of rural development in most countries is based on income indicators (GDP per capita, per capita income, unemployment rate), which are directly related to the rural economy. According to the World Bank classification, Kazakhstan belongs to the group of low-income countries in terms of GDP per capita production. The level of agricultural income per rural inhabitant in Kazakhstan is 1.8 times lower than in Russia, 1.3 times lower than in Ukraine, 3 times lower than in Turkey, 7.5 times lower than in South Korea, Germany, 8.8 times lower than in France, 43 three times lower than in Belgium. Based on the above, it is concluded that the conceptual basis of the state policy of rural development is conditioned by its prospects for the development of the rural economy. The object of the State Rural Development Program (hereinafter referred to as the Program) is a rural settlement in a densely populated area where the population is mainly engaged in agriculture. The concept of "rural settlement" differs from the concept of "village", designated in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan". Thus, in accordance with the provisions of the Law, the distinguishing features of an aul (village) are: a) registration and registration of the settlement in accordance with the established procedure; b) management by local representative and executive bodies; c) the number of at least 50 people, of whom agricultural workers and their family members make up at least half of the population.. At the same time in art . 2 of the Law states that "cities of republican, regional and district significance, as well as settlements, belong to urban settlements; all other settlements, regardless of their administrative subordination, belong to rural settlements." The current reality differs from the definitions given in the Law, which requires amendments and additions to it. Of the 7,660 rural settlements officially represented by the regional akimats, less than 50 people live in more than 500, there are numerous stations and sidings (257), villages included in the territorial boundaries of cities (317), where the population is practically engaged in agricultural activities. The population living in them is 579,540 people, they consider themselves rural and hope for the attention of the state to the problems of the village. The Program provides a classification of rural settlements according to a group of criteria characterizing the level of socio-economic development, among which the assessment of economic potential is a priority. Government support measures will be directed towards the development of life support infrastructure, primarily in rural settlements with high socio-economic development potential, ensuring the necessary level of income for rural residents.
1.2. Purpose and objectives
The purpose of the State Rural Development Program is to create normal living conditions for villages based on the optimization of rural settlement. To achieve the objectives of the Program, the following tasks are envisaged: 1. An analysis of the current situation on the main indicators of socio-economic development based on the certification of rural settlements (hereinafter referred to as the SNP). 2. Classification of the SNP according to the criteria of the level of socio-economic development. 3. Development of priority measures for the development of economic activity, investment in construction, repair and reconstruction of social and engineering infrastructure facilities. 4. Organization of monitoring of socio-economic development of rural settlements, environmental safety of rural areas, assessment of land resources; development of standards and standards for the provision of rural residents, including those from rural settlements with unfavorable environmental conditions, with social and engineering infrastructure services. 5. Development and implementation of incentive programs for rural resettlement. 6. Development of a model of effective rural settlement, including rural settlements with unfavorable environmental conditions, and carrying out measures to implement it.
1.3. Terms of implementation
The scale and novelty of the problems solved within the framework of the Program, the need to coordinate the measures being developed with the capabilities of the republican and local budgets determine its implementation in two stages. The first stage (2004-2006) assumes the solution of the first three tasks. It is also necessary to prepare and approve national standards for the social and engineering provision of rural residents in order to form a model of optimal rural settlement based on them, balanced in income and cost of services, outline a program of measures for state regulation of optimized migration flows and support for rural migrants, conduct an audit of the existing legislative framework and develop the necessary regulatory legal documents. At the second stage (2007-2010), an assessment of the potential capacity of each SNP* will be carried out, measures will be implemented to optimize rural settlement, ensure a higher standard of living for rural residents, and the foundations for sustainable rural development will be created.
___________________ * potential capacity of a locality is an indicator that characterizes the maximum number of rural people with a standard income level within the boundaries of one locality
2. Analysis of the state of rural areas
2.1. The level of economic development and income of the rural population
The share of agriculture in the country's gross domestic product is about 8.5% and cannot change significantly in the short and long term, due to the growth in oil-producing industries, limited capacity of the domestic food market, instability of foreign agricultural markets, weak competitiveness of Kazakhstani products due to high transport costs and low level of agricultural technology. The projected increase in agricultural production in accordance with the State Agri-food Program is slightly more than 10% by the end of 2006. Kostanay region (14.2%), Almaty Region (13.6%), South Kazakhstan Region (12.3%), North Kazakhstan Region (12.1%), Akmola region (11.7%) and East Kazakhstan region (9.9%) have the largest share in agriculture in the republic. The lowest share is in Mangystau (0.2%), Atyrau (1%), Kyzylorda (1.9%) regions. The ratio of crop production and animal husbandry in the republican agricultural sector is 58.5% and 41.5%. Crop production is mainly carried out in Akmola, Zhambyl, Kostanay, North Kazakhstan and South Kazakhstan regions, animal husbandry is carried out in Aktobe, Atyrau and Mangystau regions. In other regions, there is approximately the same ratio (Table 1).
President
Republic of Kazakhstan
Constitution Law Code Standard Decree Order Decision Resolution Lawyer Almaty Lawyer Legal service Legal advice Civil Criminal Administrative cases Disputes Defense Arbitration Law Company Kazakhstan Law Firm Court Cases
