On the ratification of the Basic Agreement on Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations Children's Fund
Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 10, 2001 No. 176
To ratify the Basic Agreement on Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations Children's Fund, signed in Almaty on November 25, 1994.
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The basic agreement on cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations Children's Fund
(Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan - Entered into force on April 25, 2001)
The preamble
Considering that the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) was established by the United Nations General Assembly in accordance with resolution 57 (1) of 11 December 1946 as one of the organs of the United Nations and, in accordance with this and subsequent resolutions, it was entrusted with the responsibility of providing, through financial support, materials, professional training and advisory services, emergency, for the long-term and continuing needs of children and for the provision of maternal and child health, nutrition, water, primary education and support services for women in developing countries, with a view to strengthening, where necessary, child survival, development and protection activities and programmes in countries with which UNICEF cooperates, and Due to the fact that the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and UNICEF wish to determine the terms and conditions under which UNICEF, Within the framework of the operational activities of the United Nations and its mandate, it cooperates in programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan., In view of the fact that on October 5, 1992, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations concluded an Agreement on the Establishment of a United Nations Office (UNIO), article 18, paragraph 1 of which, inter alia, provides that UNICEF and other United Nations bodies and programmes may conclude additional agreements with the Government regarding the conditions, in which they assist the Government in the implementation of their respective projects, As a result of the above, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and UNICEF, acting in a spirit of friendly cooperation, conclude this Agreement.
Article I Definitions
For the purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions are used: (a) "Relevant authorities" means central, local and other competent authorities acting in accordance with the laws of that country; (b) "Convention" means the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on February 13, 1946; (c) "Representation Agreement" means the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations, concluded on October 5, 1992, on the establishment of a United Nations Office (UNIO) in the Republic of Kazakhstan; (d) "Mission experts" means experts subject to the provisions of articles VI and VII of the Convention; (e) "Government" means the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan; (f) "Greeting Card Department" means an organizational unit established within UNICEF to ensure public awareness, support and raise additional funds for UNICEF, mainly through the production and sale of greeting cards and other goods; (g) "Head of Department" means the official in charge of the UNICEF office; (h) "Country"means the Republic of Kazakhstan; i) "Parties" means the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and UNICEF; (j) "Persons providing services to UNICEF" means individual contractors, with the exception of officials employed by UNICEF to provide services in the implementation of cooperation programmes; (k) "Cooperation programmes" means programmes in a given country in which UNICEF participates, as provided for in article III below; (l) "UNICEF" means United Nations Children's Fund; (m) "UNICEF Office" means any organizational unit through which UNICEF cooperates on programmes; This definition may also include field offices established in a given country; (n) "UNICEF officials" means all UNICEF staff employed in accordance with the United Nations Staff Regulations and Rules, with the exception of those employed locally and receiving remuneration based on hours worked, as provided for in resolution 76 (1) The General Assembly of December 7, 1946.
Article II Scope of the Agreement
1. This Agreement defines the main terms and conditions under which UNICEF cooperates on programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2. UNICEF cooperation in the implementation of programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out in accordance with the relevant resolutions, decisions, rules, regulations and policies of the competent United Nations bodies, including the UNICEF Board.
Article III Cooperation programs and the basic plan of operations
1. The cooperation programmes agreed upon between the Government and UNICEF are contained in the main plan of operations, which must be approved by the Government, UNICEF and, as appropriate, other participating agencies. 2. The basic plan of operations defines the specific elements of cooperation programs, sets out the objectives of the envisaged activities, the obligations of the Government, UNICEF and participating agencies, as well as the estimated amount of financial resources for the implementation of cooperation programs. 3. The Government authorizes UNICEF officials, experts involved in missions and persons providing services to UNICEF to monitor and monitor the implementation of programs at all stages and in all aspects. 4. The Government maintains records of such statistics related to the implementation of the basic plan of operations as the parties deem necessary, and provides any of these data to UNICEF upon request. 5. The Government is cooperating with UNICEF in providing appropriate means to adequately inform the public about the cooperation programs implemented in accordance with this Agreement.
Article IV UNICEF Office
1. If the parties deem it necessary, UNICEF may establish its office in the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensure its activities in order to facilitate the implementation of cooperation programs. 2. UNICEF, with the consent of the Government, may establish a regional office in the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensure its activities for the operational and functional maintenance of programs in other countries of the region. 3. If UNICEF does not have its own office in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it may, with the consent of the Government, provide operational and functional support for cooperation programs provided for in this Agreement between the Government and UNICEF through its regional office established in another country.
Article V Secondment to the UNICEF office
1. UNICEF may send to its office in the Republic of Kazakhstan such officials carrying out expert missions and persons providing services to UNICEF as, in the opinion of UNICEF, are necessary for the operational and functional maintenance of cooperation programmes in connection with: a) preparation, review, monitoring and evaluation of cooperation programmes; b) delivery, receiving, distributing, or using materials, equipment, or other supplies provided by UNICEF; (c) Providing information to the Government on the implementation of cooperation programmes; (d) Any other matters related to the application of this Agreement. 2. UNICEF periodically informs the Government of the names of UNICEF officials carrying out expert missions and persons providing services to UNICEF; UNICEF also notifies the Government of any changes in their status.
Article VI Government involvement
1. The Government, in accordance with a mutual agreement and to the extent possible, shall provide UNICEF with: (a) appropriate office space for use exclusively by the UNICEF office or for joint use with organizations of the United Nations system; (b) funds to cover the costs of using postal and telecommunications services for official purposes; (c) funds to cover the costs of purchase of local services, including the use of equipment, operation and maintenance of office premises; (d) Vehicles for UNICEF officials carrying out expert missions and persons providing services to UNICEF in the performance of their official functions in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2. The Government also provides assistance to UNICEF in: (a) Finding and/or providing suitable accommodation for internationally recruited UNICEF officials on expert missions and service providers for UNICEF; (b) Supply and installation of utility equipment and provision of utility services for UNICEF office premises, including water and power supply, sewerage, fire safety and other services. 3. In the absence of a UNICEF office in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Government undertakes to participate in covering, in the amount of a mutually agreed amount, taking into account in-kind contributions, if any, the costs of UNICEF related to the maintenance of a regional UNICEF office located elsewhere, which provides operational and functional services for cooperation programs in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Article VII Materials, equipment and other types of UNICEF assistance
1. UNICEF's participation in cooperation programs can take the form of financial and other types of assistance. Materials, equipment and other types of assistance intended for the implementation of cooperation programs in accordance with this Agreement are transferred to the Government for delivery in the Republic of Kazakhstan, unless otherwise provided in the main plan of operations. 2. UNICEF may use such markings on the packaging of materials, equipment and other supplies supplied for cooperation programmes as it deems necessary to verify that they are provided by UNICEF. 3. In accordance with this Agreement, the Government issues to UNICEF all necessary permits and licenses for the import of materials, equipment and other supplies. The Government is responsible for customs clearance, receipt, unloading, storage, insurance, transportation, and distribution of such materials, equipment, and other supplies upon their arrival in the country, and covers the associated costs. 4. While properly adhering to the principles of international tendering, UNICEF will, whenever possible, prioritize on-site procurement of materials, equipment and other supplies that meet UNICEF requirements in terms of quality, price and terms of delivery. 5. The Government is making the most strenuous efforts and necessary measures to ensure that materials, equipment and other supplies, as well as financial and other assistance intended for the implementation of cooperation programmes, are used in accordance with the objectives set out in the basic plan of operations, in a proper and effective manner, without any discrimination based on gender, race, religion, nationality, or political beliefs. Recipients of materials, equipment and other supplies will not be charged any fee unless the amount of this fee is specifically stipulated in the basic plan of operations. 6. Materials, equipment and other supplies intended for cooperation programs in accordance with the basic plan of operations are not subject to any direct taxes, value added tax, payments, fees or duties in respect of materials and equipment purchased locally for the implementation of cooperation programs, the Government, in accordance with section VIII of the Convention, shall take appropriate administrative measures. measures for exemption from payment or compensation of any excise duties or taxes included in the price and payable. 7. Upon request, the Government returns to UNICEF any funds, materials, equipment and other supplies that were not used during the implementation of cooperation programmes. 8. In accordance with this Agreement, the Government maintains proper records, registration and documentation of funds, materials, equipment and other assistance. The form and content of the required accounting documents, records and documentation are determined by agreement of the parties. Authorized UNICEF officials have access to all relevant accounting documents, records and documentation related to the distribution of materials, equipment and other supplies and the expenditure of funds. 9. The Government, as soon as possible, but in any case not exceeding sixty (60) days after the end of the next UNICEF financial year; provides UNICEF with progress reports on the implementation of cooperation programs and certified financial statements verified in accordance with national rules and procedures.
Article VIII Intellectual property rights
1. The Parties agree to cooperate and exchange information on any discoveries, inventions or works resulting from programmatic activities carried out in accordance with this Agreement in order to ensure their most rational and effective application by the Government and UNICEF in accordance with applicable law. 2. In accordance with paragraph 1 of this article, patent, copyright and other similar intellectual property rights for any discoveries, inventions or works resulting from programmes carried out with the cooperation of UNICEF may be transferred by UNICEF, without any royalties, to other Governments with which UNICEF cooperates, for the purpose of their application in the implementation of programmes.
Article IX Applicability of the Convention
The provisions of the Convention apply mutatis mutandis to UNICEF, its offices, assets, funds and assets, as well as its officials and experts on mission in the country.
Article X Legal status of the UNICEF office
1. UNICEF, its property, funds and assets, wherever located and by whomsoever held, shall enjoy immunity from any form of judicial interference, unless the Secretary-General of the United Nations himself expressly waives immunity in any particular case. However, it is assumed that no waiver of immunity applies to judicial enforcement measures. 2. (a) The premises of the UNICEF office are inviolable. UNICEF property and assets, wherever located and by whomsoever held, are not subject to search, requisition, confiscation, expropriation or any other form of interference, whether by executive, administrative, judicial or legislative action. b) The relevant authorities may not enter the office premises for the purpose of performing any official functions, except with the express consent of the head of the office and on the terms agreed with him or her. 3. The relevant authorities shall take measures with due diligence to ensure the safety and security of the UNICEF office and to ensure that the calm rhythm of the office's work is not disrupted by unauthorized entry from outside by persons or groups of persons or as a result of riots in the immediate vicinity of the UNICEF office. 4. The archives of UNICEF and, in general, all documents belonging to UNICEF, wherever and by whomsoever held, are inviolable.
Article XI UNICEF funds, assets and other assets
1. Without being limited by financial controls, regulations, or moratoriums of any kind, (a) UNICEF may hold and use funds, gold, or securities of any kind and have accounts and transactions in any currency and convert any currency held by UNICEF into any other currency; (b) UNICEF may transfer transfer your funds, gold or currency from one country to another or within any country to other organizations or agencies of the United Nations system; (c) UNICEF uses the most favorable, legally applicable exchange rate in its financial activities. 2. UNICEF, its assets, income and other property are: a) exempt from all direct taxes, value added tax, payments, fees or duties; However, it is assumed that UNICEF will not require exemption from such taxes, which are actually payments for utilities provided by the Government or any corporation in accordance with national regulations at fixed rates based on the volume of services provided, which can be specifically identified, specified and detailed; b) exempt from customs duties, import and export prohibitions and restrictions on the import and export of official items by UNICEF. However, it is assumed that items imported under the general rules will not be sold in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where they were imported, except on terms agreed with the Government; c) are exempt from customs duties, import and export prohibitions and restrictions on the import and export of their own publications.
Article XII UNICEF greeting cards and other products
Any materials imported or exported by UNICEF or national authorities duly authorized by UNICEF to act on its behalf in furtherance of the stated goals and objectives of the UNICEF Greeting Card Department are exempt from all customs duties, prohibitions and restrictions, and the sale of these materials to UNICEF is not subject to any national or local taxes.
Article XIII UNICEF officials
1. UNICEF officials: (a) Are not subject to judicial liability for what they have said or written and for all actions they have committed as officials. This immunity continues to apply after the end of their term of service with UNICEF; (b) are exempt from taxation on salaries, emoluments and benefits paid to them by UNICEF; (c) are exempt from government official duties; (d) are exempt, together with their wives and relatives who depend on them, from immigration restrictions and from registration of foreigners; (e) Enjoy the same privileges in respect of currency exchange as are granted to officials of appropriate rank who are members of diplomatic missions accredited to the Government; (f) Enjoy the same protection and repatriation facilities for themselves, their wives and their dependent relatives that diplomatic representatives enjoy during international d) have the right to introduce duty-free their furniture, personal property and all household items upon initial employment in the host country. 2. The Head of the UNICEF office and other senior officials, by agreement between UNICEF and the Government, enjoy the same privileges and immunities that are granted by the Government to employees of diplomatic missions of the appropriate rank. For this purpose, the name of the head of the UNICEF office is included in the list of diplomatic representatives. 3. UNICEF officials also enjoy the following benefits applicable to members of diplomatic missions of the appropriate rank: (a) Are exempt from customs duties and excise duties on the importation of limited quantities of certain items intended for personal use in accordance with applicable national regulations; b) have the right to introduce duty-free one vehicle without paying excise duties, including value added tax, in accordance with the applicable national regulations applicable to employees of diplomatic missions of the appropriate rank.
Article XIV Experts performing missions
1. Experts performing missions shall enjoy the privileges and immunities listed in sections 22 and 23 of article VI of the Convention. 2. Those performing expert missions enjoy such additional privileges, immunities, and benefits as may be granted pending agreement between the parties.
Article XV Persons providing services for UNICEF
1. Persons providing services for UNICEF: a) are not subject to judicial liability for what they have said or written and for all actions committed by them as officials. This immunity shall continue to apply after the end of their term of service with UNICEF; (b) Enjoy the same protection and repatriation facilities for themselves, their wives and their dependent relatives enjoyed by diplomatic representatives during international crises. 2. In order to ensure the independent and effective performance of their functions, persons providing services to UNICEF may, by agreement between the parties, be granted such other privileges, immunities and facilities as are specified in article XIII above.
Article XVI Access-related opportunities
1. UNICEF officials, experts performing missions and persons providing services for UNICEF have the right to: a) immediately issue and issue free of charge the necessary visas, certificates or permits; b) unhindered entry into or exit from the Republic of Kazakhstan and access within the country to all objects of cooperation to the extent that which is necessary for the implementation of cooperation programs.
Article XVII Locally hired staff who receive remuneration based on hours worked
The terms of employment of locally recruited persons who receive remuneration based on hours worked must comply with the provisions of relevant United Nations resolutions, decisions, regulations, rules and policies of the competent United Nations bodies, including UNICEF. Locally recruited staff are provided with all the benefits necessary to independently carry out their assigned functions on behalf of UNICEF.
Article XVIII Privileges in relation to communication facilities
1. With regard to its official means of communication, UNICEF enjoys no less favorable conditions than those that the Government provides to any diplomatic mission with respect to installation and operation, priorities, tariffs and rates for mail and telegrams, as well as for teleprinter, fax, telephone and other means of communication, as well as with respect to tariffs established by for the press when transmitting information for the press and radio. 2. Official correspondence or other communications from UNICEF are not subject to censorship. This immunity applies to printed materials, messages transmitted by photo and electronic means, as well as other types of communication that can be used on the basis of an agreement reached between the parties. UNICEF has the right to use a cipher and to send and receive correspondence by courier or diplomatic mail, which is inviolable and uncensored. 3. UNICEF has the right to use radio equipment and other means of communication in the range of frequencies registered with the United Nations and communications facilities provided by the Government to maintain communication between UNICEF offices in the Republic of Kazakhstan and abroad and, in particular, with UNICEF headquarters in New York. 4. UNICEF has the right to use privileges in the installation and operation of its official communications facilities in accordance with the provisions of the International Telecommunication Convention (Nairobi, 1982), as well as the provisions contained in the annex thereto.
Article XIX Privileges in relation to vehicles
The Government grants UNICEF the necessary permits or licenses and does not impose unreasonable restrictions on the purchase or use and operation of civil aircraft and other facilities necessary for UNICEF to carry out program activities in accordance with this Agreement.
Article XX Exemption from privileges and immunities
The privileges and immunities extended under this Agreement are granted in the interests of the United Nations and not for the personal benefit of individuals. The Secretary-General of the United Nations has the right and duty to waive the immunity granted to any person referred to in articles XIII, XIV and XV in cases where, in his opinion, the immunity would impede the course of justice and could be waived without prejudice to the interests of the United Nations and UNICEF.
Article XXI Claims made by UNICEF
1. UNICEF cooperation on programs in accordance with this Agreement is carried out for the benefit of the Government and the people of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as a result of which the Government assumes all responsibility related to the implementation of operations in accordance with this Agreement. 2. All claims arising from or directly related to the activities provided for in this Agreement brought by third parties against UNICEF, UNICEF officials, experts on missions and persons providing services to UNICEF are subject to the provisions of Article XIX of the Representation Agreement.
Article XXII Dispute resolution
Any dispute between the Government and UNICEF concerning the interpretation and application of this Agreement that is not settled through negotiation or other agreed settlement procedure shall be resolved in accordance with the provisions contained in Article XX of the Representation Agreement.
Article XXIII Entry into force
1. This Agreement shall enter into force upon its signature, on the day following the exchange between the parties of a document certifying its ratification or recognition by the Government and a document certifying its official confirmation by UNICEF, and prior to such ratification, it shall, with the consent of the parties, enter into force in advance. 2. This Agreement is an integral part and supplement to the "Representation Agreement". Thus, if any provision of this Agreement and any provision of the "Representation Agreement" relate to the same issue, both of these provisions complement each other in such a way that both provisions are applicable and, as far as possible, do not limit the scope of each other's activities.
Article XXIV Amendments
Changes and amendments may be made to this Agreement only on the basis of a written agreement between the parties.
Article XXV Termination
This Agreement shall terminate upon the expiration of six months after either party notifies the other party in writing of its decision to terminate the Agreement. However, this Agreement will continue to be in effect for such additional period of time as may be necessary for the proper termination of UNICEF activities and the settlement of any disputes between the parties.
In witness whereof, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative of the Government and the representative of UNICEF have signed on behalf of the parties this Agreement, the texts of which in English and Russian are equally authentic.
Done in Almaty on November 25, one thousand nine hundred and ninety-four
For the Government For the Children's Fund of the Organization of the Republic of Kazakhstan The United Nations
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and The Organization's Children's Fund The United Nations
Cooperation program * for 2000-2004
*(Entered into force on February 11, 2002 - Bulletin of International Treaties of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2003, No. 7, art. 50)
The basic plan of operations
Volume I
February, 2000
The preamble
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, hereinafter referred to as the Government, and the United Nations Children's Fund, hereinafter referred to as UNICEF: Following their mutual cooperation agreements in order to further develop partnerships in the field of improving the well-being of children and women in Kazakhstan during the current period of socio-economic and political refor The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, hereinafter referred to as the Government, and the United Nations Children's Fund, hereinafter referred to as UNICEF: Following their mutual cooperation agreements in order to furtherp partnerships in the field ofg the well-being of children and women in Kazakhstan during the current period of socio-economic and political reform; Based on the proven effectiveness of UNICEF advocacy efforts to help the Government prioritize the needs and concerns of womeBased on the proven effectiveness of UNICEF advocacy efforts to help the Government prioritize the needs and concerns of women and children during difficult and rapid changes; the accumulated experience and achievements of the period of cooperation between the Government and UNICEF in 1995-1999, which demonstrated the positive impact of targeted supplies of materials, combined with support for the implementation of improved, more effective technologies, especially in the field of healthcare, and their application through social mobilization; and sustainable coand sustainable cooperation in the framework of activities such as professional training, documentation of experience in the implementation of projects that serve as strategic principles of regional importance in terms of increasing economic efficiency and strengthening programmatic activities for children and women.; By supporting the establishment of useful channels for the exchange of technical expertise and enhancing the accumulated experience of the Government and non-governmental organizations working to improve the situation of children and women; Improving the planning and implementation of activities in the social sector, based on the achievements and national commitments of the Government resulting from The Convention on the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1989 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of December 18, 1979, along with the implementation of the commitments made at the Beijing Conference; Entering into a new period of cooperation combining a regional and country-specific appro a new period of cooperation combining a regional and country-specific approach, defining the details of the mutual commitments developed in this Basic Plan of Operations covering the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004, and hereby declaring that these approaches and mutual commitments will be implemented in an atmosphere of friendly cooperation; Have agreed on the following:
Article I The basis of interaction
The basis of cooperation between the Government and UNICEF is the Basic Agreement on Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Nations Children's Fund dated November 25, 1994. This Basic Plan of Operations will be reviewed and implemented within the framework of the specified Basic Agreement. The present Basic Plan of Operations consists of two volumes. Volume one, the Basic Plan of Operations, consists of eleven articles outlining general policy aspects, priorities, goals and objectives, strategy, responsibilities of the parties for managing the country programme, as well as the obligations of the Government and UNICEF. Volume two consists of a Program Plan of Operations, which presents Programs for the survival, development and protection of mother and child; comprehensive child development; and youth welfare. This Programmatic Plan of Operations outlines programs and projects developed jointly by the Government and UNICEF aimed at "helping the Government consistently realize the rights of every child in Kazakhstan to survival, care, growth, health, nutrition, education, access to adequate sanitation and water, participation and protection." Thus, the Government-UNICEF Cooperation Program consists of the two aforementioned volumes. This Basic Plan of Operations, designed for a program covering the period 2000-2004, will replace the previous one signed between the Government of Kazakhstan and UNICEF on February 24, 1996. It is based on the Country Policy Recommendations for the CARC approved by the UNICEF Executive Committee on 7-10 September 1999. Based on the experience gained during the implementation of the cooperation program in 1995-1999, as well as an analysis of the current situation, it can be argued that the Government of Kazakhstan and UNICEF need to focus efforts on solving a number of issues. Implementation of the provisions The Convention on the Rights of the Child should become the basis for cooperation during the 2000-2004 program cycle.
Article II The situation of children and women in Kazakhstan
The transition period continues to bring rapid changes affecting the living conditions of children and women in Kazakhstan. Some of the changes can be attributed to positive phenomena, such as a richer choice of goods and services, wider access to information, and increased use of cost-effective approaches. However, despite the progress made during the reform of the health and education sectors, Kazakhstan still has not identified a way to maintain the quality of social services provided to women and children. Lack of resources, inflation and unemployment are the main reasons for the low standard of living. The constant reduction of social assistance and social services still continues to affect the survival opportunities of an individual family. Although the infant mortality rate (ICD) has been steadily decreasing over the years, there was an upward trend in 1989. After reaching its peak of 28 cases for every 1,000 live births in 1993, ICP currently stands at 21.2%. However, there are still cases of infant mortality due to acute respiratory infections. The high mortality rate as a result of perinatal conditions, the main cause of infant mortality, indicates problems with birth care. Diarrhoeal diseases are still an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. Nevertheless, since 1995, significant progress has been made in the field of early childhood vaccination. In 1998, the total vaccination coverage reached 95 percent or higher. Over the past few years, a serious epidemic of diphtheria has been overcome, measles incidence and mortality rates have been significantly reduced, and the incidence of polio was reduced to zero in 1997. However, there are still no positive changes in the maternal mortality rate. In 1998, it was 77.5 per 100,000 live births, i.e. it remained almost at the same level as in 1989. Until now, a large number of women die as a result of bleeding, infections and toxemia. Women in general, and young women in particular, are not well informed about reproductive health issues, and as a result, abortion remains the main means of family planning. The deteriorating quality of obstetric care also contributes significantly to maternal mortality rates. During the years of transition, improper and insufficient nutrition of mother and child has become a serious problem. More than 10% of young children suffer from acute nutritional disorders. A recent study conducted by the Institute of Nutrition of Kazakhstan found that 70% of the population of Kazakhstan suffers from inadequate intake of calories, and the lack of protein content of the diet is observed in almost 50% of the population. Iron deficiency anemia is another threat to the health of the mother and child. About 60% of pregnant women suffer from anemia, which sometimes leads to a very disastrous pregnancy outcome. It is estimated that slightly less than 50% of the total number of women aged 15-49 suffer from anemia of varying severity. Budgetary resources allocated to the education and health sectors are still insufficient, as a result of the ongoing restructuring of education and health systems at the national level. Kazakhstan is facing a serious problem of shortage of qualified teaching staff. There is a shortage of paper and funds allocated for the production of school textbooks and teaching materials for primary schools. The physical condition of many school buildings has deteriorated. The declining motivation of teachers, along with the cessation of regular refresher courses, as well as the growing dropout rate of students who have dropped out of school, exacerbate the situation. The number of preschool institutions continues to decrease, and the use of alternative child care systems at home and on a voluntary basis occurs only in a limited number of cases. While emphasizing the development of legislative measures and long-term policies for the fullest realization of children's rights, newly emerging segments of the civil society continue to point to the growing number of children and adolescents in need of special protection measures. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of offenses committed by young people, which peaked in 1992, after which there was a steady decline in juvenile delinquency. The current justice system is not adapted to the new realities. There is no independent judicial system for dealing with juvenile lawbreakers, and the overall picture of their detention conditions is, according to the data, imperfect. There is still a tendency to prefer correctional punishment rather than rehabilitation of juvenile lawbreakers. Health and a healthy lifestyle are the main risk targets for young people. Although the abuse of drugs, alcohol and smoking is not widespread, there are still indicators of an increase in their problematic nature in urban areas, for example in the cities of Almaty and Karaganda. The consequence of this is a high incidence of STDs./AIDS/HIV. The conducted studies indicate an increase in the incidence of syphilis from 1.4 to 231.2 cases per 100,000 population in the period from 1990 to 1996. In addition, there has been a serious increase in the number of AIDS/HIV cases due to drug abuse in the Karaganda region. During the transition period, violence against women is also likely to remain largely undocumented, while evidence and research conducted by the UNDP and the Feminist League (1997) indicate a high incidence of violence against women both at the domestic level and outside the family.
Article III Aims and objectives of the Program
The new Program is based on cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and UNICEF, taking into account national priorities for 2000-2030. It is planned in the context of the overall strategy developed for all five CARC countries. The program is aimed at strengthening the capabilities of families by increasing responsibility, knowledge and initiative, as well as more active and effective involvement of the family in the protection of children's health, their development, protection and participation. In addition, it aims to ensure that the ongoing social sector reform process in Kazakhstan takes into account the Government's commitments made in the context of The Convention on the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1989 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of December 18, 1979. This Program is based on an approach based on the life cycle and the rights of the child, which will make it possible to naturally address intersectoral issues that affect the survival, development, protection and right of children to participate in any period of the child's life cycle, from the moment of conception to adolescence at the age of eighteen. The first program will address the problems of young children from 0 to 5 years old, the second - children from 6 to 12 years old, and the last one will address the problems of adolescents and youth from 13 to 18 years old. This approach helps identify intersectoral programmatic strategies to protect children of vulnerable populations during critical periods of their development. This approach defines a clear responsibility to respect the rights of the child, focusing on the responsibilities of the family and community, while not losing sight of the importance of community services. Its purpose is to help individuals develop the skills and acquire the knowledge necessary to access existing opportunities for their participation and create new ones. The program is based on the experience gained during the decentralization transformations, including the ASPERA project ("The Aral Sea: A Regional and Environmental Assistance Project"), designed to directly support vulnerable groups of the population. Based on the life cycle analysis, four main programs are proposed: 1. The program for the survival, development and protection of mother and child consists of four independent projects: maternal and neonatal care; early childhood survival; early childhood care and development; and policy development, interconnections, and emergency preparedness. 2. The Comprehensive Child Development Program consists of three projects: improving the learning environment; children in need of special protection measures; and policy development, networking, and emergency preparedness. 3. The Youth Welfare Program consists of three projects: on adolescent lifestyle; juvenile justice reform and child protection; and policy development, networking, and emergency preparedness. 4. The costs of solving intersectoral issues.
Article IV Country strategy of the programme
According to the definition below, programmatic activities based on the principle of the fullest realization of the rights of the child require that UNICEF programmatic activities promote respect, protection and realization of the rights of children and women to access basic social services, along with addressing the socio-economic needs of children and women. As indicated below, the approach based on the principle of the fullest realization of the rights of the child in Kazakhstan raises the question of the need for the following measures:: Ensuring access to available resources as part of an approach that focuses on basic social services; Increase responsibility and strengthen the reporting system by improving the quality of implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reporting; Adopting a holistic vision of development consistent with goals The Convention on the Rights of the Child and Conventions on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Since all rights are interconnected and interdependent, it is necessary to apply a multisectoral, decentralized approach based on the life cycle.; Participation becomes a fundamental strategy, as it is through participation that rights are realized.
The main types of strategy Service delivery: Support in this area will be provided through the strengthening of health, nutrition, education, water supply, sanitation and information management infrastructures through the improvement of logistics systems and through procurement services. Capacity building: will be used as a measure to ensure that national and local authorities, along with local NGOs, have independent technical capabilities, as well as human and financial resources to meet the needs and demands of the population. Strengthening the role of target groups: it will be carried out to ensure that the population is sufficiently informed, motivated and mobilized in order to develop their independence in solving their own problems, as well as to create demand for resources, skills and services. Advocacy activities: will be carried out in order to influence the value system, attitudes and behavior of the Government and the entire civil society community in order to ensure the fullest understanding and realization of children's rights. The four types of strategies outlined above, namely strengthening the role of target groups, capacity-building, service delivery and advocacy, will not be applied separately, but will become complementary components so that each of them contributes to ensuring the rights of each individual child and groups of children.
Article V Geographical coverage and recipients of assistance
There are more than five million children in Kazakhstan, and another 20 million children in the neighboring Central Asian countries, all of whom share common problems. This population group, along with 3.9 million women of childbearing age, is of particular interest to UNICEF in accordance with its basic principles and regulations. The Convention on the Rights of the Child of November 20, 1989 and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of December 18, 1979. Addressing their problems requires urgent attention. Women and children are thus the main beneficiaries of this strategy. This approach is designed to protect the most vulnerable groups of society during the reform period. Children in general, and adolescent girls in particular, will be the focus of the program along with women and mothers to ensure equality. In cases where their problems are aggravated by economic, social, geographical factors or sexual discrimination, these problems will be addressed in accordance with the rights of these population groups and the degree of urgency of their needs. This Basic Plan of Operations has been developed as part of a country-level approach to the general and individual problems of children and women. The provisions of this Basic Plan of Operations are valid only in the territory of Kazakhstan. Accordingly, the Government and UNICEF are making efforts to further develop and define the scope of activities and their focus on recipients in order to better meet national and subnational needs. If necessary, certain elements of the program can be focused on certain targeted areas in the country. The development of annual Programmatic Action Plans will take into account factors such as the nature and extent of the problems addressed, the technical and operational parameters of the activities, the availability or absence of national or international assistance in a particular area, and the need to develop integrated cross-sectoral activities. Due to the deepening environmental crisis in the Aral Sea and the increasing number of evidence of its negative impact on children and women, a subnational project has been developed focusing on these populations, called ASPERA, designed to ensure a more comprehensive and sustained focus on social issues. The ASPERA project covered the areas of the three countries most affected by the Aral Sea disaster: The Kyzylorda region in Kazakhstan, Dashkhovuz Velayat in Turkmenistan and the Karakalpak Autonomous Republic in Uzbekistan. The new program will continue work on maternal and neonatal care; early childhood care and development; improving the learning environment; water supply, ecology and sanitation; as well as on the implementation of special projects in the Aral Sea region. In accordance with the Resolution of the 52nd session of the UN General Assembly, held in December 1997, UNICEF will directly support the children and women of the Semipalatinsk region, where about 470 nuclear weapons tests were conducted by the former Soviet Union between 1949 and 1989. These tests are associated with inadequate monitoring and protection in the fields of ecology and health, and were surrounded by an atmosphere of absolute secrecy. UNICEF's activities will focus on integrated, flexible, and time-consuming activities focused on the process and the public. UNICEF will combine efforts in such specific areas of cooperation as maternal and neonatal care, with a focus on iron deficiency anemia, integrated management of childhood diseases (IHDD), water supply, ecology and sanitation, or hygiene and health education. The regions bordering the Caspian Sea, especially Mangystau region, consistently report the highest infant mortality rates in Kazakhstan (41.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in Mangystau region in 1997). Moreover, the recent rise in water levels in the Caspian Sea has had a number of negative environmental consequences. Sanitary conditions often leave much to be desired in areas subject to flooding or flooding due to high waves. There are a number of reasons for this, but the most important is the population of those villages that are located in areas that are damaged by the sea. In all cases of successful donor search efforts to raise additional funds, UNICEF will strive to provide assistance to the region, and activities will focus on areas such as maternal and neonatal care, health education, water supply, ecology and sanitation. Finally, the Youth Welfare Program will provide support to the adolescent population of regions where youth are at high risk, for example, in large cities.
(See the paper version of the map)
Article VI Monitoring, evaluation and applied research
Monitoring, evaluation and applied research are important and interrelated elements of the strategy applied in the implementation of programs and projects in Kazakhstan.
Performance indicators of program activities: A detailed list of indicators is included in Volume II (Programmatic Plans of Operations), but, along with this, further development of performance indicators will continue, carried out jointly by UNICEF and the Government during the first years of the implementation of this program. These indicators will be used to assess the progress achieved in relation to the overall objectives of the program. Program performance assessments will be the main means of assessing the overall effectiveness of program activities, while national and regional reviews will contribute to the development of the analysis of the current situation.
Monitoring and evaluation of achievements in the implementation of programs: One of the weaknesses in the implementation of the previous program, noted by both UNICEF and the Government, was the lack of reliable data on the fulfillment of project commitments necessary to monitor actual project investments in relation to planned investments; to monitor the fullest implementation of activities planned in the Project Action Plans, along with an assessment of progress towards achieving the goals planned by the program/projects. A number of monitoring and evaluation tools will be used to ensure the compliance and effectiveness of program activities throughout the implementation period, including: Quarterly reviews of program/project activities conducted jointly by the Government/UNICEF: Each project will be reviewed through an assessment of the investments (in the form of supplies and cash) provided for each activity in the Project Action Plan. At this stage, the obstacles encountered in the implementation of the planned project investments will be identified, as well as actions to overcome some of the obstacles identified. Annual reviews of program/project activities. At the end of each year, requests will be made to the partners involved in the implementation of the projects, requesting them to provide the Government and UNICEF Headquarters with a detailed report on the implementation of project commitments outlined in the Project Action Plans. Through the joint efforts of UNICEF and its partners, a detailed assessment report will be prepared indicating the achievements of successful activities, along with obstacles identified during the year, after which measures necessary to remedy the situation will be discussed with all project partners. A mid-term review will be conducted in 2002, during which a detailed assessment report will be prepared jointly by UNICEF and its partners, indicating the achievements of successful activities, along with a list of obstacles identified over the past two and a half years, and a subsequent discussion of remedial measures. This review will serve as a starting point for discussing the issues of activity planning for the third program cycle. A review at the end of the programme cycle will be conducted in 2004 to assess the overall achievements of the second programme cycle at the country level. The effectiveness of programme activities will be assessed with the intention of improving planning for the third country programme cycle. On-site monitoring: UNICEF, together with central-level partners, will undertake numerous field visits to project implementation sites in order to monitor project implementation. The data collected during these trips will be analyzed for use in quarterly review events and meetings.
Article VII Cooperation with other UN organizations and other institutions
The program presented in this Plan of Operations will be complemented and implemented in parallel with other international and bilateral UN programs, as well as with the programs of international and local non-governmental organizations. The Government and UNICEF ensured the participation of all the above-mentioned organizations in the development of the Program and the Basic Plan of Operations. Accordingly, UNICEF has contributed to the planning of programmes and projects of other institutions and organizations, in areas within the scope of UNICEF's authority and in areas where UNICEF has significant experience. If possible, cooperation will be sought with UN organizations and other institutions in the field of country-specific activities, including the harmonization of the program cycle with the joint efforts of UNFPA, UNDP, UNHCR and WHO. Cooperation with international and local NGOs will be initiated. UNICEF will also work closely with the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank in the health and education sectors, as well as with key bilateral donors. Ongoing reviews of the situation will be conducted to ensure that programmes involving or involving more than one agency are monitored and monitored at the inter-agency level, thus avoiding duplication of activities and unnecessary waste of human and financial resources.
Articles VIII Responsibility of the parties
As indicated in articles 3 and 4, this Program will be implemented in Kazakhstan through a strategy based on the provisions of The Convention on the Rights of the Child and The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and focusing on the balance between direct assistance, strengthening the capabilities of institutions and building the potential of the population, as well as advocacy. Relevant ministries, including the Health Agency, along with government agencies responsible for the social protection and development of children and women, will become key partners in managing program and project activities. In general, the coordination of program activities by the Government of Kazakhstan will be carried out at the level of the Deputy Prime Minister and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Specific responsibilities for managing the country programme and project activities are outlined in this Master Plan of Operations and the Project Plan of Operations, or will be identified in the respective annual Project Action Plans. The UNICEF Office in the Republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (CARC) in Almaty, which coordinates the work of the CARC countries and is headed by a Representative in the CARC, who is also an accredited Representative in each individual CARC country, will have overall responsibility for the implementation of the planned program, especially for the provision of technical and logistical support, as well as for overall planning and management. Of the general resources budget, approximately 25% will be used over a five-year period for intersectoral programme support activities and operations, including payment for services provided by the UNICEF Office in CARAC. The Strategy and this Basic Plan of Operations will be managed and coordinated by the UNICEF Office located in Kazakhstan. As agreed with the Government, UNICEF will provide overall oversight and support for the implementation of activities, including review activities and coordination support. The staff working in the Mission, as well as the Senior Program Adviser and the UNICEF Representative in the CARC, will provide the necessary support in the implementation of programs as needed. The UNICEF Office in Astana will largely be responsible for the implementation of administrative procedures and contacts with the Government. Experienced staff from UNICEF Headquarters, as well as from the UNICEF Regional Office in Geneva, will be involved to address issues that will be impossible to resolve with the help of staff from the CARC Office. The involvement of international consultants from outside will be based on the need to gain specialized experience and support in carrying out propaganda activities at the political level.
Article IX UNICEF commitments
The UNICEF Executive Committee approved the allocation of a total of USD 4 million 500 thousand from Core Resources to support the activities of the programs listed in this Basic Plan of Operations, subject to the availability of funds for the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004. In addition, the Executive Committee authorized UNICEF to undertake efforts to raise additional funds in the order of USD 7,500,000 to support the implementation of the programmatic activities outlined in this Basic Plan of Operations. The availability of these funds will depend on the awareness of donors and their interest in the proposed projects. UNICEF assistance in the development and implementation of the activities provided for in this Basic Plan of Operations may include the supply of materials and equipment, their transportation, the provision of technical personnel, funds for advocacy, research, the provision of consultants, development funds, monitoring and evaluation of programs, public awareness activities and communication campaigns within the framework of programs, orientation and training activities, as well as assistance to staff of institutions. Specific details of the distribution and phased annual planning of UNICEF assistance in support of this program are provided as part of each Programmatic Plan of Operations. Annual budget allocation reviews will be conducted, followed by a more detailed allocation of funds through the preparation of annual Project Action Plans. The table below shows the total allocation of funds by program and year for the period from January 2000 to December 2004. UNICEF's limited financial resources will be concentrated in areas where it is possible to maximize the impact on the survival, development and protection of children, and will also be used to strengthen national policies and processes for sustainable achievements in protecting the rights and creating better living conditions for children and women. UNICEF will not provide financial assistance to any of the Government representatives of these countries.. Based on the funds at its disposal and the current Government policy, UNICEF has decided not to expand its activities in this area. However, with the permission of ministries and other Government agencies, UNICEF may offer short-term contracts to certain government staff or other professionals from these countries to carry out specialized research or consulting services, or to provide professional training outside their normal duties. This type of assistance appears to be cost-effective and contributes to strengthening national capacities and cross-country cooperation. UNICEF will support the cost of providing assistance in the form of equipment and supplies, including their transportation from abroad, in accordance with the activities outlined in this Plan of Operations. The purchase of services on the local market necessary for the implementation of activities is possible, provided they are economically efficient or in an emergency situation. The Government is usually responsible for providing transportation within the country. Nevertheless, UNICEF will provide assistance in this matter if necessary, or if the lack of public transport facilities jeopardizes the implementation of the project. All investments from UNICEF, with the exception of those made out of urgent need due to unforeseen circumstances, will be planned in advance, together with the relevant ministries, in order to ensure their timely delivery and use. The delivery of the ordered equipment and materials will be monitored by the UNICEF office so that Government employees are notified of the delivery in advance and are ready to receive and properly store the incoming cargo, with particular attention to the storage conditions for vaccines and medicines requiring immediate acceptance and special treatment.
Cost estimates (subject to availability of resources only) (in thousands of US dollars)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total
Main Resources
Survival and protection of mother and child 329 329 262 262 262 1444
Comprehensive child development 193 193 261 261 263 1171
Youth welfare 197 197 197 197 197 985
Intersectoral expenses 180 180 180 180 180 900
Total by Main Resources: 899 899 900 900 902 4500
Additional Funds
Survival and protection of mother and child 750 750 600 600 600 3 300
Comprehensive child development 300 300 450 450 450 1 950
Youth welfare 450 450 450 450 450 2 250
Total for Additional Funds: 1 500 1 500 1 500 1 500 1 500 7 500
Total: 2399 2399 2399 2400 2402 12000
If the level of implementation of one program is significantly lower than the annual calculations, it is possible to redistribute funds to other programs where there is a higher level of implementation. During the project implementation period, UNICEF will make every effort to ensure optimal synchronization of assistance provided in the form of cash and supplies. UNICEF will consult with ministries, NGOs and other involved organizations regarding the timely ordering and delivery of supplies and equipment, as well as the provision of subsidies. UNICEF will promptly inform concerned officials about the shipment/arrival of supplies and equipment in order to ensure their efficient and timely customs clearance, warehousing and distribution. UNICEF reserves the right to request the return of any equipment or materials provided to it that are not used for the purposes specified in the Programmatic Operations Plan and Annual Action Plans.
Article X Government obligations
The Government will ensure the availability of staff, facilities, equipment, including technical assistance and funds, both refundable and non-refundable, necessary for the implementation of the program in the country and for cross-country activities in which the country participates, except in cases where this has already been provided by UNICEF or/and other UN agency or international organization. The details of Government involvement are outlined in the relevant sections of the country programme and projects, and will also be precisely defined in the Annual Action Plans. This Basic Plan of Operations does not provide a detailed description of the forms of participation of the population or the non-governmental institutions for which these programs are intended. To the extent possible, these details will be included in the Annual Action Plans. The Government will be responsible for the internal transportation, storage, and efficient distribution of materials and equipment, as outlined in this Master Plan of Operations and related Project Action Plans. This responsibility will include incurring the costs of customs clearance and any downtime in the event that the shipment has not cleared customs at the proper time at the port of arrival. According to UNICEF rules and regulations, the Government will submit accounting documents for the grants received in cash provided under the Plan of Operations upon completion of these activities, usually no later than six months after the grant is granted. The Government will actively participate in the preparation of annual and mid-term reviews of country programmes. The Government, together with UNICEF, or designated organizations, will evaluate country programmes and projects at regular intervals to determine their impact on beneficiaries at the community level, as defined in the Plan of Operations. The Government will be responsible for reviewing any claims made by any third party against UNICEF, its advisers, agents or staff. UNICEF, its advisers, agents and employees cannot be held liable for any claims arising from activities under this agreement, unless the Government and UNICEF mutually agree that such claims arose as a result of gross misconduct or oversight on the part of these advisers, agents or employees. The Government will support UNICEF's efforts to attract additional funds necessary to meet the financial needs of the agreed Program and will cooperate with UNICEF as follows: (a) Encourage potential donor Governments willing to provide UNICEF with the funds necessary to implement the Country Program components based on ancillary funding, along with the preparation of documents requesting assistance in extreme situations. situations approved by UNICEF; b) support UNICEF's efforts to raise funds for the Program from the private sector, both internationally and within Kazakhstan; c) allow donations and contributions made by individuals, corporations and foundations in Kazakhstan, which will not be taxed, in order to support this Program for the protection of children.
Article XI Final provisions
This Basic Plan of Operations, consisting of Volumes One and Two, represents a single country program. The general terms of this work structure apply to any of the individual components listed in Volume Two.
This Basic Plan of Operations comes into force from the moment of signing and will cover the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004.
This Basic Plan of Operations may be amended or supplemented by mutual agreement of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and UNICEF.
Signed in two copies - in the official, English and Russian languages.
For the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan:
Name and position: Mr. Yerlan Idrissov, Minister of Foreign Affairs
Republic of Kazakhstan
For the United Nations Children's Fund:
Name and position: Mr. Thomas Thomsen, UNICEF Representative in the Republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan
Date: February 11, 2000
Place of signing: Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and The Organization's Children's Fund The United Nations
Cooperation program for 2000-2004
Program plan of operations
Volume II
February 2000
_________________________________________________________________________
The project for The project for The project for The project for
maternal survival early development
and neonatal child growth and politics and
care development monitoring
The child
Safe Safe Training A sub-project for
maternity and parental immunization.
policy skills and
Micro- Integrated. monitoring and
nutritional management Preschool preparation for
disorders of diseases education is an emergency
children's situations in society
age
Breast Milk Sub-project
breastfeeding approaches to support
content in the program
institutions
_________________________________________________________________________
A brief overview
The program for the survival, protection and development of mother and child covers the first life cycle of a child's development - from the moment of conception to the age of 6. UNICEF, in cooperation with various partners, will focus its activities on solving problems related to the needs of physical, psycho-emotional and intellectual development of mothers and children in the early stages of their development. The program is aimed at reducing maternal and infant mortality, as well as the consequences associated with iron-deficiency anemia and iodine-deficiency disorders. This program will encourage child survival and protection activities through timely and safe immunization, breastfeeding support, and training of healthcare professionals in new low-cost care practices. UNICEF will continue its work on the large-scale dissemination of the Integrated Management of Childhood Diseases (IVDV) program, aimed at reducing the incidence of the most common childhood diseases. New approaches to the care and development of young children will be developed by working with the population and families to improve their skills and develop low-cost methods of preschool education. In addition, some work will be carried out to reduce the number of children in State-supported institutions and improve the conditions of detention of children in such institutions. Working on the integrated management of childhood diseases project in collaboration with WHO and the World Bank, activities to combat and control anemia will continue, and UNICEF will pay special attention to measures aimed at improving the conditions for early growth and development of children. Special importance will be attached to the dissemination of social information aimed at mothers and families. For these purposes, UNICEF uses about 1 million 444 thousand US dollars over a five-year period from core resources, and about 3 million 300 thousand US dollars from additional funds in case of successful donor search.
Situation analysis and justification Demographic situation The population of Kazakhstan decreased from 16.5 million in 1992 to 15.7 million (according to preliminary estimates) in 1999. Many factors contributed to this. One of them is a significant decrease in the birth rate from 21.7% to 14.7% in 1997. Another factor contributing to the population decline was an increase in the death rate to 10.4%. However, there has been a recent downward trend in the overall mortality rate. Over the past decades, the infant mortality rate in Kazakhstan has been gradually decreasing.
Food The eating habits and position of the mother significantly affect the outcome of pregnancy. A study conducted by the Kazakhstan Institute of Nutrition of the Ministry of Education and Science, which lasted 3-4 months in 1996-97, showed that more than 70% of the population (70.8%) suffer from inadequate intake of calories. This indicator varies depending on the place of residence and does not reflect differences in the diet of different population groups. People living in rural areas consume more calories on average than urban residents. The study also showed that insufficient intake of calories varies depending on the age and ethnicity of the respondents. Women suffer more than men. It's hard to imagine that almost all elderly people (95.5%) have a lack of calories in their diet. Anemia is another condition that negatively affects the outcome of pregnancy. According to the Kazakh Medical and Demographic Survey of 1995 (KMDI-95), 37.1% of women had mild, 10.6% moderate and 1.1% severe anemia. The level of anemia was higher in women using IUDs, and anemia among pregnant women was three times more common than in non-pregnant and non-lactating women.
Healthcare infrastructure The infrastructure of the healthcare system, divided into several levels, is widely accessible, and despite the deterioration of the situation in recent years, it is estimated that 100% of the population has access to medical care within reach. Despite this, more than 700 paramedic and obstetric centers (FAP) were closed across the country, and more than 1,200 settlements remained without medical care. Sometimes, in order to receive emergency obstetric care, a patient has to travel more than 100 km. Currently, the Agency for Health Affairs is implementing a program to revive FAPs, and in 1998 60 points were reopened. The network of medical institutions in the republic is wide, but since 1996, during the period of healthcare reform, it has been decreasing. The number of medical institutions in the country decreased from 1,253 in 1992 to 963 in 1997. As a result of the reduction in the number of beds, so-called "day hospitals" are being widely introduced. Work continues on the privatization of medical institutions. Some of them have already been privatized. As it was registered in 1996, about 10% of the total number of patients applied either to private medical institutions or were treated with medical insurance. Currently, according to the Agency for Health Affairs, about 5% of medical institutions have been privatized.
Medical personnel There are a large number of medical professionals of various specialties in Kazakhstan. In 1992, there were 66,301 doctors in the country, or about 1 doctor per 259 people in the population. Since then, the number of medical staff has been constantly decreasing due to emigration, and despite the decline in the population, the number of medical workers remains quite low. For example, by 1997, the number of medical workers had decreased to 10,000. Nevertheless, the ratio of one medical worker to the population increased by 19 people, i.e. 1 to 278. In 1992, there was one obstetrician-gynecologist for every 1,467 women over the age of 14, and despite a decline of 13% five years later, the ratio remains one to 1,488 women. The number of pediatric and auxiliary medical specialists (both doctors and nursing staff) has significantly decreased, which undoubtedly affected the quality of care for children.
Use of medical services Medical services are widely used by the population of the republic. In 1993, about 4 million initial visits were recorded among children under the age of 14. In 1997, as a result of population decline, this number dropped to 3.7 million. Despite such a high level of both initial (75%) and follow-up visits, the level of preventive measures decreased due to financial difficulties. Hospital care is widely used in the country. Often, the stay in a hospital bed is prolonged, but the level of hospital bed occupancy is decreasing. The number of beds in the country has decreased in the process of healthcare reform, either due to the closure of the entire medical facility or as a result of a reduction in the number of beds in the department. This led to an improvement in the bed occupancy rate, which was 83% in 1997, and 78% in maternity hospitals.
Quality of medical care Newborn care The number of newborns with low birth weight, indicating disorders of intrauterine development, varies from year to year. According to data obtained from interviews with medical professionals, the number of newborns with a body weight below 2,500 grams increased from 4.9% in 1989 to 7.43% in 1998. In all this, there is a connection with the deterioration of the mother's living conditions and nutrition during pregnancy.
Perinatal mortality 30% of deaths among children under the age of 1 year, mainly in the first 7 days of a child's life, are caused by perinatal conditions related to intrauterine development; problems that occur during and immediately after childbirth. Due to the decline in population and birth rate, the absolute number of early neonatal deaths decreased by 40% compared to 1990. Prematurity is one of the main causes of neonatal mortality, accounting for 60% of deaths. Other conditions leading to the death of newborns are as follows (in order of importance): asphyxia, trauma, and intrauterine infections. The stillbirth rate is high, standing at 10%, so the overall perinatal mortality rate was 18% in 1997.
Infant mortality Although the rate of infant mortality (MS) has always decreased in Soviet times, in 1989, due to the political and economic changes, this trend took on a negative trend. After peaking at 28% in 1993, MS now stands at 21.2%. This demonstrates the significant achievements of the healthcare system despite the ongoing difficulties until 1995. However, the national average hides regional differences. Thus, the lowest MS rate in 1997 was observed in the Almaty region (19.5%), and the highest in the Mangystau region (41%). The causes of infant mortality have not changed in the last five years. Mortality due to respiratory diseases is 30% and ranks second among the causes of death. Infectious and parasitic diseases, including diarrhea, are the third leading cause of MS. Congenital diseases are in fourth place.
Maternal mortality Throughout the 1990s, the maternal mortality rate remained quite high and alarming. In 1998, this figure was 77.5 per 100,000 live births, having remained virtually unchanged since 1989. The absolute number of maternal deaths decreased only as a result of a decrease in the number of births. Abortions are one of the main causes of maternal mortality. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the country in replacing abortions with other methods of preventing unwanted pregnancies, but insufficient attention has been paid to the issue of abortion safety. Bleeding is still one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, accounting for a quarter of the total.
Antenatal care In 1995, 96.4% of births took place in medical institutions, and 78.4% were delivered by an obstetrician-gynecologist. In the same year, the caesarean section rate was 4.6%. In 1995, 92.7% of pregnant women received antenatal care and 68.1% of women before the onset of three months of pregnancy, 69% of cases were under the supervision of an obstetrician-gynecologist. However, the stability of the rate of antenatal referrals has been noted recently.
Breastfeeding In 1992, the Ministry of Health reported that the number of women who stopped breastfeeding their child before the age of 1 increased from 55% in 1989 to 73% in 1991. According to CMDI-95, some progress has been made in promoting breastfeeding. 73% of children continue to breastfeed until the age of 1 year. But according to the same study, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was only 12.3%, more than half of children begin to receive additional complementary foods before the child reaches the age of 3 months. Thanks to the successful implementation of the national program to support and promote breastfeeding, seven maternity hospitals in Kazakhstan have been awarded the title of "Child-friendly Hospitals."
Childhood morbidity There is a tendency towards a significant decrease in the incidence of controlled infections in Kazakhstan. However, the increased incidence of hepatitis, STDs, and micronutrient eating disorders is worrisome.
The situation with preschool education Preschool attendance in Kazakhstan has declined from the best rate in Central Asia in 1990 (53.5 percent of the total) to the lowest level in 1998 (10.6 percent). In rural areas, only 2.6 percent of preschool-age children can attend preschool institutions. Pre-school fees are considered to be the main reason for the decline in attendance. Tuition fees vary widely, but rural residents cannot afford it both because of the high cost of services and because of the low population density. The lack of nutrition programs in preschool institutions has also had a negative impact on the food intake of young children, and therefore the rates of malnutrition in children have increased. Article 23 of the new Law on Education, signed by the President on June 7, 1999, calls for one year of free compulsory pre-school education for all children aged 5-6 years one year before entering school. The Government's goal is to increase the number of six/seven-year-olds in kindergartens to 220,000 for the 1999/2000 academic year. It will not be easy to accomplish such a task unless cost-effective approaches to preschool education are developed and/or additional resources are allocated. The difficulty lies in attracting preschool teachers to their workplaces, where wages are considered the lowest in the country. The increasing number of children being educated in institutions is a matter of serious concern. This is registered throughout the region. In Kazakhstan, additional research and analysis is required to identify individual aspects of the problem. The Government considers this situation with children in long-term care as the main problem that should be addressed by the levy.
Cooperation on the program of survival, development and protection of mother and child in 1995-1999
During the previous program cycle, UNICEF provided assistance to the Government of Kazakhstan in the implementation of two programs aimed at protecting the health of mothers and children: Maternal and child health protection, and Nutrition of mother and child. The cooperation program for 2000-2004 will be based on the achievements and lessons learned from the implementation of the previous program since 1992 and includes the main elements of existing projects. Maternal and Child Health Program 1995-1999 It consisted of three main projects: the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI), Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases (BDB) and Acute respiratory infections (ARI). The main elements of the FIR are reflected in the newly developed immunization safety project, with a focus on achieving a mechanism for vaccine self-sufficiency, quality control, and independence in international procurement. In the next program cycle, UNICEF plans to continue its work. The problems of ARI and BDB will be addressed in the sub-project for the implementation of the program for the integrated management of childhood diseases (IVDV). The Maternal and Perinatal Mortality Reduction Project was developed and started its work in response to the growing problem. The WHO strategy for safe motherhood is based on the project's strategies, which include multi-disciplinarity and family orientation. In the new program cycle, this will serve as a platform for the development of a safe motherhood sub-project. In April 1997, the permanent Forum of the Countries of Central Asia and Kazakhstan "Maternal and Child Health Protection" (the Forum of the Central Asian Republic OZMiR) was organized, aimed at improving cooperation between the five countries of the region. The Forum reviews existing health policies in all countries and recommends measures to improve them. The Forum will serve as a means to protect the interests of children at all levels, aiming at the realization of children's rights. The maternal and child nutrition program consisted of three main projects: support and promotion of breastfeeding (GB), eradication of iodine deficiency disorders (IDN), and control and prevention of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Work in these areas will continue within the framework of sub-projects on breastfeeding and elimination of micronutrient disorders.
Justification Kazakhstan has made some progress in improving the survival and care of children and mothers. Significant success has been achieved in the immunization of children - vaccination coverage in most regions is 95%. The Republic is steadily moving towards polio eradication certification by the year 2000. However, some health problems remain unresolved. Maternal mortality remains at a high level - 77 deaths per 100,000 live births. Mothers are still dying from bleeding, toxemia, and preventable infections. Kazakhstan needs to develop a clear policy for the purchase of generic medicines from the main list intended for the treatment of childhood diseases. In addition, there is a clear need to improve the knowledge of parents and civil society about the care and development of young children. The decision taken by the Government on compulsory attendance at preschool institutions means the need to introduce low-cost approaches. The presence of UNICEF in the country is necessary to further improve the survival and quality of life of mother and child. The problem associated with the long-term stay of children in institutions requires attention, especially during early development. The need to involve the development of young children should be seriously recognized in order to further prevent the negative impact of this problem at later stages of life.
Program objectives The goal of the Program for the Survival, Development and Protection of Mothers and Children is to ensure the rights to survival, growth and development of children under the age of 5, so that they can reach their maximum potential during the transition to the period of formation and adulthood; improving maternal health and nutrition through the development of safe motherhood practices, including access to access to such services, and improve their life skills.
Objectives of the program 1. Reduction of maternal mortality rate by 10% from the 1999 level in certain regions (1) of the republic over a five-year period ____________________ (1) The regions will be selected according to special criteria, taking into account such factors as the average family income., unemployment rate, presence of risk groups, involvement of partners and donors.
2. Reduction of infant and child mortality rates by 10% from the 1999 level in certain regions of the republic over a five-year period3. Adoption of international standards for the determination of infant and maternal mortality 4. Reducing the incidence of micronutrient eating disorders 5. Support and encouragement of breastfeeding practice 6. To assist the Government in achieving vaccine self-sufficiency, procurement, supply and distribution by 2004.7. Certification of polio eradication by the year 2000 and reduction of the incidence of major vaccine-controlled infections 8. Reduction of mortality, frequency and severity of morbidity and disability from childhood diseases that affect child growth and development 9. Strengthening the knowledge of the family and society about responding to the needs that arise during the growth and development of young children 10. Encouraging the development of a system to protect children from being placed in special education. institutions and social integration of children in need of special protection measures 11. Reducing the number of children in special care. institutions by placing them in families and family homes 12. Improving the quality of psychological and social care for those children who are forced to stay in special care. institutions 13. Assist in policy formulation and discussion, in accordance with the principles of the CRC.
Program strategies Support for the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will provide support for technical interventions aimed at reaching as many people as possible, including salt iodization and flour fortification with iron preparations; integrated management of childhood diseases (IVDV) and immunization; safe motherhood; support and promotion of breastfeeding in maternity facilities and alternative approaches to development and care young children, as well as institutionalization.
Improving the capabilities of the health system, UNICEF will support the organization of training and other methods to improve the capabilities of medical and educational professionals, government policy makers and programmers, as well as managers at all levels of the public and private sectors, local and national scale, international organizations and NGOs, and their participation in work and evaluation.
Strengthening the role of target aid groups UNICEF looks forward to broad cooperation with partners and various local, national and international organizations working with target groups. Encouraging public participation in the planning and provision of specific social services is an important element of the strategy. Social mobilization activities will be undertaken to improve family practices regarding children's health and development. In addition, measures for the social integration of children in need of special protection measures with their upbringing in the family will be encouraged.
Advocacy for children UNICEF will continue to advocate for the protection of children's interests at the national level. These activities will be aimed at the adoption of legislative acts on the universal iodization of salt and fortification of flour with iron preparations, at achieving high levels of immunization coverage, at encouraging breastfeeding practices and at adopting international standards for determining maternal and infant mortality; preventing the placement of children in state special institutions and adapting child-oriented approaches during early development. Awareness-raising activities will include the development of information and educational materials, the organization of meetings and conferences with parliamentarians, government officials and representatives of NGOs.
Program coverage and beneficiaries (target groups) All program activities will mainly be conducted at the national level, and the target groups of the program are mothers and children. In addition, the program will cover low-income segments of the population and children who are in special state institutions or who are at risk of entering such institutions. The selection of pilot areas will be carried out taking into account factors such as average family income, unemployment rate, presence of risk groups, involvement of potential partners (especially NGOs) and international agencies. Special support will be directed to the most vulnerable segments of the population living in the disaster region of the Aral Sea, the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and the coast of the Caspian Sea.
Maternal and Neonatal Care Project
Project objectives: 1. Raising awareness of the safety of motherhood as one of women's rights, as defined in the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other international human rights instruments and Constitution of Kazakhstan 2. Work with local authorities to ensure 100% access of women to basic obstetric and gynecological care in pilot areas 3. Support of measures to improve the nutrition of girls, adolescent girls and women in order to reduce the level of micronutrient deficiencies affecting maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity 4. Support in improving the quality and coverage of prenatal, birth, and postnatal care, including basic obstetric and neonatal care in case of complications 5. Encouraging activities aimed at preparing women and families for the upcoming birth, raising public awareness of best practices in childbirth and the need for trained staff to be present at all births, eliminating barriers to good care, encouraging late marriages and the birth of children 6. Encouraging the training of qualified staff in basic obstetric care 7. Reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among women of reproductive age and children under 3 years of age to below 30%8. Support of universal salt iodization activities 9. Support the Government's efforts to adapt international standards for determining maternal and infant mortality 10. Improving joint assessment and monitoring activities 11. Supporting the activities of the National Breastfeeding Committee in achieving the goal of 50% of all births taking place in hospitals, child-friendly treatment 12. Support for the activities of the National Breastfeeding Committee in achieving the goal of ensuring that 50% of infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. 13 Adoption of the WHO International Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes and monitoring of its implementation
Project strategies To support the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will support the supply of essential medicines and equipment for obstetric and neonatal care in the provision of emergency care in maternity facilities. Supplies for the micronutrient disorders sub-project will include equipment and fortifiers for salt iodization and flour fortification with iron preparations; these equipment and fortifiers will be supplied to initiate the food fortification process in certain regions of the republic. It is expected that the government will take the initiative to implement this activity in the future, tablet iron preparations will be supplied until the intake of iron into the body is ensured by fortification of food.
Improving the capabilities of the health system, UNICEF will support the organization of training and other methods to improve the capabilities of medical and educational professionals, government policy makers and programmers, as well as managers at all levels of the public and private sectors, local and national scale, international organizations and NGOs, and their participation in work and evaluation.
Strengthening the role of target aid groups UNICEF looks forward to broad cooperation with partners and various local, national and international organizations working with target groups. Encouraging public participation in the planning and provision of specific social services is an important element of the strategy. Social mobilization activities will be undertaken to improve family practices regarding children's health and development. In addition, measures for the social integration of children in need of special protection measures with their upbringing in the family will be encouraged.
Advocacy for children UNICEF will continue to advocate for the protection of children's interests at the national level. These activities will be aimed at the adoption of legislative acts on the universal iodization of salt and fortification of flour with iron preparations, at achieving high levels of immunization coverage, at encouraging breastfeeding practices and at adopting international standards for determining maternal and infant mortality; preventing the placement of children in state special institutions and adapting child-oriented approaches during early development. Awareness-raising activities will include the development of information and educational materials, the organization of meetings and conferences with parliamentarians, government officials and representatives of NGOs.
Program coverage and beneficiaries (target groups) All program activities will mainly be conducted at the national level, and the target groups of the program are mothers and children. In addition, the program will cover low-income segments of the population and children who are in special state institutions or who are at risk of entering such institutions. The selection of pilot areas will be carried out taking into account factors such as average family income, unemployment rate, presence of risk groups, involvement of potential partners (especially NGOs) and international agencies. Special support will be directed to the most vulnerable segments of the population living in the disaster region of the Aral Sea, the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site and the coast of the Caspian Sea.
Maternal and Neonatal Care Project
Project objectives: 1. Raising awareness of the safety of motherhood as one of women's rights, as defined in the provisions of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, other international human rights instruments and Constitution of Kazakhstan 2. Work with local authorities to ensure 100% access of women to basic obstetric and gynecological care in pilot areas 3. Support of measures to improve the nutrition of girls, adolescent girls and women in order to reduce the level of micronutrient deficiencies affecting maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity 4. Support in improving the quality and coverage of prenatal, birth, and postnatal care, including basic obstetric and neonatal care in case of complications 5. Encouraging activities aimed at preparing women and families for the upcoming birth, raising public awareness of best practices in childbirth and the need for trained staff to be present at all births, eliminating barriers to good care, encouraging late marriages and the birth of children 6. Encouraging the training of qualified staff in basic obstetric care 7. Reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among women of reproductive age and children under 3 years of age to below 30%8. Support of universal salt iodization activities 9. Support the Government's efforts to adapt international standards for determining maternal and infant mortality 10. Improving joint assessment and monitoring activities 11. Supporting the activities of the National Breastfeeding Committee in achieving the goal of 50% of all births taking place in hospitals, child-friendly treatment 12. Support for the activities of the National Breastfeeding Committee in achieving the goal of ensuring that 50% of infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. 13 Adoption of the WHO International Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes and monitoring of its implementation
Project strategies To support the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will support the supply of essential medicines and equipment for obstetric and neonatal care in the provision of emergency care in maternity facilities. Supplies for the micronutrient disorders sub-project will include equipment and fortifiers for salt iodization and flour fortification with iron preparations; these equipment and fortifiers will be supplied to initiate the food fortification process in certain regions of the republic. It is expected that the government will take the initiative to implement this activity in the future, tablet iron preparations will be supplied until the intake of iron into the body is ensured by fortification of food.
Improving the capabilities of the healthcare system, UNICEF will support the organization of training for medical professionals in safe motherhood, prevention and control of anemia, and breastfeeding. UNICEF will work with government agencies to improve the management, monitoring and administration of the project, and to put into effect new and existing legislation on salt iodization and flour fortification with iron preparations.
Strengthening the role of target care groups Activities will be carried out to strengthen the role and knowledge of health workers, managers and users of the health service, aimed at ensuring all women and newborns have access to qualified medical care. In addition, the project provides for measures to strengthen the role of women in protecting their rights to their health and the health of their children.
Child advocacy Will encourage the dissemination of information about safe motherhood, nutrition, and the importance of breastfeeding practices. UNICEF will promote the adoption of a law on universal salt iodization.
Partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Health, its divisions and institutes, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The coordination of activities related to the Safe Motherhood sub-project will be carried out with WHO, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the World Bank. Communication will be established with organizations such as the Federation of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent. NGOs and mass media when carrying out activities to improve public awareness. The implementation of sub-projects on breastfeeding and micronutrient disorders will be carried out in close cooperation with the Kazakhstan Institute of Nutrition and the Republican Center for Maternal and Child Health.
Project administration Government agencies at both the national and local levels, working together with UNICEF, will be responsible for the implementation of the project. A project coordination group will be formed to plan, monitor and evaluate the project. This group will consist of government officials, the UNICEF Representative Office in the Central African Republic, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, interested experts and UN agencies.
Indicators Project impact indicators - Adoption of international standards for live births - Infant mortality rate - Maternal mortality rate - Distribution of maternal mortality by cause of death - Perinatal mortality rate - Percentage of women with access to basic obstetric care - Percentage of births occurring in child-friendly hospitals - Exclusive breastfeeding rate - Prevalence of anemia - Prevalence of goiter - Percentage of households using iodized salt - Adoption of laws on universal salt iodization and flour fortification with iron preparations - Adoption of the International Code on Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes
Project performance indicators Safe Motherhood sub-project
- Training materials have been developed - The number of seminars held and trained staff applying the acquired skills in practice
A sub-project on micronutrient disorders
- The number of medical workers trained in the prevention and control of anemia and applying the acquired skills in practice - The functioning of the IDH monitoring program - A social mobilization campaign has been launched
Breastfeeding sub-project
- The number of medical workers trained in lactation and breastfeeding management and applying the acquired skills in practice - A package for certification of maternity facilities has been prepared - A schedule for monitoring by the Breastfeeding Committee has been developed - Maintaining the status of a child-friendly hospital - Conducting information campaigns during breastfeeding week
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism The monitoring and evaluation mechanism will be developed jointly with key partners. Monitoring will be carried out by visiting the locations of its implementation and coordinating such visits with key partners.
Safe Motherhood sub-project Activities 1. To support training seminars on the adaptation of the international definition of live birth 2. Jointly with the government, to develop a training package on safe motherhood 3. To train families, family doctors and nurses on safe motherhood in certain regions of the republic 4. To support the implementation of new approaches in prenatal, birth and postpartum care in selected medical institutions 5. To support the monitoring and evaluation of the maternal and neonatal care project 6. To improve the management, monitoring and supervision of the project in order to timely provide and improve the necessary supplies and training to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. 7. To assess the impact of equipment supplies to maternity hospitals in the pilot areas of the previous program.
A sub-project on micronutrient disorders Activities 1. To promote and support the adoption of the necessary legislative acts on the universal iodization of salt and the enrichment of flour with iron and their subsequent implementation 2. Monitor the production and consumption of iodized salt 3. Start laboratory monitoring of the national program for the elimination of salt poisoning 4. To support the supply of iron-containing preparations for the prevention of anemia 5. To start and maintain a high level of flour fortification with iron preparations 6. Launch a campaign for social mobilization of the population in matters of changing eating habits 7. Provide training for healthcare professionals in the prevention and control of anemia 8. Support local health authorities in improving project management and monitoring skills
Breastfeeding sub-project Activities 1. To assist in the preparation of a republican legislative act that complies with the provisions of the International Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes 2. To monitor the International Code on the Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes after its adoption 3. To support the inclusion of the basics of nutrition for young children in National Nutrition Policy 4. To identify and provide assistance to obstetric institutions preparing for the certification of BDOR 5. Provide training to medical professionals on the basics of lactation and breastfeeding management 6. Improve public awareness of breastfeeding issues by supporting events held during World Breastfeeding Week
Early Childhood Survival Project Objectives 1. Reducing vaccine-controlled infections by maintaining immunization coverage at 90% in all areas (95% for measles vaccine) 2. Achieve polio eradication certification in 2000 3. Achieve WHO standards for vaccine quality control and immunization by 2004, including the adaptation of standard protocols for responding to side effects after immunization 4. Achieving international standards in the independent procurement of traditional vaccines by 2004.5. Encourage the introduction of new vaccines into the immunization schedule 6. Improve case management of major childhood diseases and the communication skills of health professionals
Project strategies Support for the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will support short-term supplies under the Vaccine Independence Agreement, including Government procurement of EPI vaccines, EPI program equipment and computers for the national vaccine distribution monitoring system, as well as essential medicines through the UNICEF Supply Division. The terms of use of UNICEF services in such procurement will be extended to provide the Government with the opportunity to prepare for the independent purchase and financing of vaccines and equipment under the FIR.
Improving the capabilities of the UNICEF health system will assist the Agency for Health Affairs in providing cascade-type training on immunization safety, vaccine management, and the cold chain. Work will be carried out to strengthen the capabilities of the National Vaccine Control Committee in carrying out the control functions necessary for the release of a batch of vaccines, monitoring their use, including monitoring side effects. Kazakhstani specialists will participate in international meetings to establish international professional relations. UNICEF will help to improve the quality of management of major childhood diseases under the IVDV program by providing training materials. UNICEF will continue to provide assistance in the training of master trainers under the IVBDV program, who in turn will train local health workers. UNICEF will provide assistance in holding seminars at the regional and district levels. UNICEF will coordinate its activities with WHO. UNICEF will assist in the reproduction of materials on the IWRM in Russian and the official languages.
Strengthening the role of target aid groups, activities will be carried out to strengthen the role and knowledge of society and the family in matters of child health and development in order to make the necessary decisions.
Children's Advocacy UNICEF will encourage the translation, reproduction and dissemination of information necessary for the implementation of the program. Public health education activities will be aimed at improving knowledge about health and proper nutrition.
Partners UNICEF and the National Agency for Health Affairs will continue to develop the Vaccine Independence Initiative, founded in 1995, in order to achieve self-sufficiency in the supply of vaccines. Monitoring and review studies of the project, as well as training programs, will be conducted jointly with WHO, other UN agencies and donors. In addition to the UN agencies, the project involves cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and other organizations are working on projects related to the survival, protection, and development of mothers and children. Cooperation will be carried out with international NGOs (the Red Cross and Red Crescent Society), as well as with national NGOs and the media. As part of the IWDB sub-project, UNICEF will collaborate with WHO, especially in the areas of specialist training and evaluation.
Project administration Government agencies at both the national and local levels, working together with UNICEF, will be responsible for the implementation of the project. A project coordination group will be formed to plan, monitor and evaluate the project. This group will consist of employees of government agencies, the UNICEF Representative Office in the Central Asian Republic, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, interested experts and UN agencies, the National Control Committee and the Republican Center for IWRM/ORI/BDB.
Indicators
Project impact indicators
- Level of immunization coverage - Achieving polio eradication certification - Frequency of side effects after immunization - Infant mortality rate - Incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and diarrhea
Project performance indicators
Sub-project on safe and sustainable immunization - A sustainable vaccine procurement system is in operation - Hepatitis B vaccine is being purchased and used - The National Control Committee is functioning - Tools for safe immunization practices are fully implemented - The cold chain is constantly functioning - A plan and mechanism for self-procurement of EPI vaccines has been developed - A cost-effectiveness analysis for the introduction of new vaccines has been developed - All EPI vaccines
Sub-project on Integrated Management of Childhood Diseases (IVDV)
- Adaptation of the standard IVB guidelines has been completed - Standard medicines are being supplied - Training seminars are being held and trained staff are putting the acquired skills into practice - A national implementation plan has been prepared
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism The assessment and monitoring mechanism will be developed jointly with key partners. The project will be monitored by visiting the locations of its implementation and coordinating such visits with key partners.
A sub-project on safe and sustainable immunization
Activities 1. To support the organization of an international vaccine tender workshop and to assist in the organization of a National Control Committee (NCC) to carry out vaccine control functions. 2. To assist in providing training on safe immunization practices (BPI) to strengthen the role of NCCs through the WHO Global Education Network. 3. To assist in conducting training on BPI for medical workers in the workplace. 4. To promote the introduction of BPI into the curriculum of medical schools. 5. Participate in the joint mission of the Government, UNICEF and WHO to review and analyze the government's ability to purchase vaccines on the international market, and develop an action plan to improve the existing procurement system to international standards. 6. Continue to provide the Government with public procurement services for vaccines and equipment for FIRS until the NCC is fully operational, which should ensure quality control of vaccines recommended by WHO and provide the State with the opportunity to buy vaccines on the international market at low prices. 7. Encourage the use of cost-effectiveness analysis when introducing new vaccines.
Integrated management of childhood diseases (IVBDV) 1. To support the training of medical personnel in pilot areas 2. To help develop recommendations for medical schools 3. To encourage the use of drugs from the basic generic list 4. To encourage the supply of medicines through the provision of public procurement services, as well as through bilateral and multilateral projects 5. Work together with the National Center for the Implementation of the IVBDV to improve the IVBDV information system 6. To provide support in the development of materials to improve the communication skills of medical professionals with patients in the pilot areas.
Early Childhood Care and Development Project
Project objectives 1. To develop new family approaches aimed at improving the skills of parents in certain areas 2. To assist the Government in its efforts to make it mandatory for a child to attend preschool one year before entering school 3. To conduct research on cost-effective approaches to preschool education so that the child is at the center of such education. 4 To support the development of sustainable services aimed at improving the care and development of young children in rural areas. 5 Increase access to family preschool institutions to 25% of the total number of preschool children 6. Promote an increase in the number of adoptions and foster care 7. To support the efforts of the Government and NGOs aimed at reducing the number of children in special and specialized educational institutions by placing them under foster care and encouraging the restoration of parenting in the family. 8 Strengthen the links of NGOs working in the field of child protection with the Government, local authorities and national ministries. 9 Improve the quality of social care for children and families to reduce the number of abandoned children 10. To assist in providing sensory-motor stimulation training to disabled children and their families 11. Improve employee opportunities and standards of care for the full development and health of young children.
Project strategies
To support the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will provide assistance in launching pilot projects in preschool institutions, as well as in developing materials aimed at improving children's development.
Improving UNICEF's capabilities will help improve the capabilities of early childhood education workers so that they can provide children with cost-effective and effective child-centered care aimed at the underprivileged in rural and urban areas.
Strengthening the role of target groups Activities will be carried out to strengthen the role and knowledge of early childhood workers and families in the issues of comprehensive child development. The pre-school education sub-project will establish links with the civil society to ensure the role of the family and its participation in making necessary decisions.
Promoting the interests of children Through the exchange of information on international experiences and the creation of a discussion forum, UNICEF will promote the recognition of non-traditional approaches to early childhood care and development and family alternatives to child care in public institutions, and the improvement of such content. UNICEF's joint sponsorship of such events is one of the ways to spread awareness about new and alternative approaches to caring for children in need.
UNICEF partners will work closely with the Department of Preschool Education of the Ministry of Education and Science, as well as with the regional departments of education during the pilot study and during the dissemination phase of the project. In addition to the Ministry, close cooperation will be carried out with the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs. As part of the pre-school education sub-project, pilot testing of new methods will be coordinated.
Project administration Government agencies at both the national and local levels, working together with UNICEF, will be responsible for the implementation of the project. A project coordination group will be formed to plan, monitor and evaluate the project. This group will consist of government officials, the UNICEF Representative Office in the Central Asian Republic, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, and interested experts and agencies.
Indicators
Project impact indicators - The level of children under 5 years of age in government institutions - The number of abandoned children aged 0 to 5 years per year - The number of children placed in temporary shelters in pilot areas per year - The number of children reunited with their biological families per year - The number of adopted children per year - The number of children attending preschool institutions, including private, public, and family schools - The percentage of children entering the first grade who have previously attended some form of preschool education is the number of trained preschool teachers who apply the acquired skills in practice.
Project performance indicators - A review of existing legislation was conducted - A campaign to improve public awareness was conducted - The number of seminars and meetings held - The number of trained personnel applying the acquired skills in practice - In pilot areas - The number of parents and members of the public involved in the management committees of preschool education.
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism The assessment and monitoring mechanism will be developed jointly with key partners. The project will be monitored by visiting the locations of its implementation and coordinating such visits with key partners. At the initial stage of the sub-project on alternative approaches to institutionalization, attention will be paid to working with the Government on data collection. The working Group will develop a monitoring plan for a sub-project on preschool education in a family-type environment. The work of the pilot projects will be evaluated after one year in order to make the necessary adjustments, if necessary. The final evaluation of the pilot projects will take place two years after their start in order to decide on the expansion of the project's activities, its form and content.
A sub-project to improve parenting skills
Activities 1. Establishment of an advisory group on early childhood development 2. To develop early childhood development materials that will focus on the development of motor skills, behavioral development, language and cognitive skills 3. Encouraging parents' educational work at home 4. Encouraging men's participation in existing programmes to foster equal participation of both sexes in the family
A sub-project on preschool education in a family environment
Activities 1. Work with the government to create a pilot study identifying cost-effective methods of preschool education in a family environment in rural areas 2. To support the implementation of pilot projects, including training and community mobilization activities, the supply of nutritional supplements for children, medical care, etc. 3. Monitor the implementation of pilot projects 4. 2 years after the start, evaluate the work of pilot projects, identify success factors 5. Identify low-income groups in which the further implementation of subproject 6 will be carried out. Jointly with the Government, develop an expansion plan for subproject 7. To support the implementation of the project in the target areas.
A sub-project on alternative approaches to institutionalization This sub-project stands out in all three cooperation programs and reflects the fact that children, despite their age, are placed in special government institutions. The subproject will be considered as one in all programs, taking into account the situation and needs of children of different ages.
Project objectives 1. Conducting situational analyses and basic research 2. Provision of technical assistance in regulating the monitoring mechanism and reporting obligations under international agreements and conventions 3. Development of appropriate strategies and identification of priority actions in the field of maternal and child health and early childhood development 4. Support initiatives to prepare for emergencies, taking into account the rights of mother and child.
Project strategy
Support for the provision of specific social services In case of emergencies, UNICEF will assist in providing medical care to children in affected areas.
Improved features The improvement of the capabilities and knowledge of social sector professionals will be carried out through the development of national and regional ties and the exchange of international experience.
Promoting the interests of children The Forum of Central Asian Countries and Kazakhstan on Maternal and Child Health (CARC OZMiR Forum) will continue to exchange information on international experience, review existing health policies in all countries and propose measures to improve them. Using this and other means, UNICEF will strengthen the promotion and exchange of information on the promotion of primary health care and early childhood development programs among managers, doctors and the public. In addition, UNICEF will promote various approaches aimed at reducing the number of children in special and specialized institutions, including, as a matter of priority, family support measures to reduce the number of abandoned and abandoned children, accelerate the adoption process and develop a network of temporary shelters. For children who are still being held in special and specialized institutions, UNICEF will promote the improvement of their psycho-emotional development.
UNICEF partners will work closely with the Agency for Health, the Ministry of Education and Science, and the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs. Relevant research institutes, donors and UN agencies, as well as the COHRED network will be actively involved in the implementation of the project.
Project administration
The Executive Committee of the CARC OZMiR Forum together with UNICEF will be responsible for the implementation of the project in the field of maternal and child health. The Executive Committee of the CARC OZMiR Forum will consist of senior officials from the Agency for Health Affairs and the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC.
Indicators
Project performance indicators
- A mechanism for Basic National Research in the field of Public Health has been developed - The award of the TSARK OZMiR and ONIZ Forum has been established - Meetings of the Working Groups of the TSARK OZMiR Forum (Safe immunization practices, Micronutrients, Breastfeeding, Hygiene, Maternal and Neonatal care, ONIZ, AIDS/HIV) are being held - Communication materials have been developed and produced - If necessary, studies have been conducted to analyze the impact of the project - an emergency preparedness plan that takes into account the interests of children and mothers has been adapted
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism
The assessment and monitoring mechanism will be developed jointly with key partners. The monitoring and evaluation of the project will be coordinated jointly with the main partners.
A sub-project for policy development, monitoring, and emergency preparedness
Events
1. Conduct the necessary situational analyses and research on child protection issues 2. To continue to work in support of the CARC OZMiR Forum, thereby supporting the exchange of experience, analysis and policy development 3. If necessary, support the analysis and research of program policy 4. Support general communication activities 5. To support the necessary initiatives aimed at mothers and children to prepare for emergency situations in accordance with the situation in the country.
A sub-project to support the program
This sub-project stands out in all three cooperation programs, and its main purpose is to finance salaries for UNICEF employees, business trips, and other expenses related to the implementation of the program.
Events 1. Posts of UNICEF employees; 2. Business trips within the Central Asian Republic; 3. Business trips abroad; 4. Training; 5. Operating expenses.
Program budget
In thousands of US dollars
___________________________________________________________________________
The project! ! 2000 ! 2001 ! 2002 ! 2003 ! 2004 ! Total
___________________________________________________________________________
Maternal and OP 105.0 95.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 410.0
Neonatal care DR 300.0 300.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 1200.0
Child survival OP 62.0 69.0 53.0 53.0 53.0 290.0
DR 300.0 300.0 220.0 220.0 220.0 1260.0
Early growth and development OP 52.0 55.0 39.0 39.0 39.0 224.0
child DR 100.0 100.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 440.0
Policy development, OP 110.0 110.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 520.0
monitoring and preparation DR 50.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 400.0
for emergency situations
Total OP 329.0 329.0 262.0 262.0 262.0 1444.0
DR 750.0 750.0 600.0 600.0 600.0 3300.0
___________________________________________________________________________
OP - Basic resources
DR - Additional resources
Contribution of the Government of Kazakhstan and other organizations
Maternal and child health issues are considered a priority in the Government's work. The Government provides significant resources to implement these issues. The Government of Kazakhstan has signed a vaccine independence agreement with the establishment of the National Vaccine Fund and will be able to purchase vaccines on the international market starting in 2000. The state program "People's Health" is a strategic document based on the provisions of the national strategy "Kazakhstan-2030" proposed by the President of the Republic. The Government of Kazakhstan has already assumed responsibility for the implementation of programs to combat diarrhea and acute respiratory viral infections and has launched a program on IVDV, breastfeeding, control and control of anemia with the support of UNICEF and will continue to work in these areas. The Government is interested in improving the quality of medical care and home treatment with the involvement of parents. The Government also supports the proposed training and program improvement funds outlined in this plan. UNICEF has informed the Government of Kazakhstan of its readiness to launch a program on the independent supply of essential medicines. All expenses related to staff salaries, transportation of medicines, control and monitoring are borne by the Government. For successful implementation, other partners in multilateral and bilateral cooperation will participate in the program.
Comprehensive Child Development Program
___________________________________________________________________________
The project for The Children's Project, The project for
improving the environment for those in need of development
special policy training and
protection of relationships
Learning environment in Mitigation and policy development
the school of harm and exploitation and the relationships, and
children preparing for
Access to emergency training
and involving situations
Civil Society Alternatives
community approaches to content A sub-project for
in support institutions
Nurturing life programs
skills
___________________________________________________________________________
A brief overview The Comprehensive Child Development program will meet the needs and growth and development needs of children aged 6 to 12 years. The program is aimed at reducing the number of children who drop out of school and improving the quality of education. The program will offer the introduction of life skills training in the fields of health, nutrition, hygiene and sanitation, peace and tolerance. In addition, the program will focus on the problems of particularly vulnerable children, those who are most vulnerable to various social changes in society. For these purposes, UNICEF uses about 1 million 171 thousand US dollars over a five-year period from core resources, and about 1 million 950 thousand US dollars from additional funds in case of successful donor search.
Situation analysis In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, secondary education, starting from the age of six or seven and continuing for 11-12 years of study, is free and compulsory. Public educational institutions are funded from the national and local budgets, based on the cost rates per pupil. Private secondary schools are allowed to open, as long as they follow government standards and have the appropriate license.
Enrollment and attendance The number of schools, teachers, and students enrolled in secondary schools remains roughly at the same level as in 1990-1991, with only a slight drop due to the decline in the general population. The ratio of teachers to students is generally low, although due to the closure of a number of schools in rural areas over the past few years, this figure has increased (335 schools were closed in 1997 alone). Almost 60% of secondary school graduates are girls. The levels of school dropouts and non-attendance (most likely, mainly among boys) are causing growing concern.
Public financing of the education system increased in the period 1996, but decreased in 1998. In 1996, the cost of education amounted to 4.3% of the national income and 14.3% of the state budget. In 1998, the education system received the equivalent of 3.79% of the NVP or 11.2% of the state budget (Government of Kazakhstan, Education for All 2000, 1999). In 1998, the republican budget fully funded institutions of higher education and covered part of the costs of general, secondary specialized and vocational education. The local budget covers the expenses of all vocational training institutions and most pre-school, secondary general education and professional institutions. The majority of the State education budget (58%) is allocated to general secondary education, followed by higher education (16.1%), and finally specialized secondary and preschool education (7.5%). The education budget planned for 1999 was cut in half by Parliament.
The consequences of budget complications Budget complications have led to a decrease in the quality of secondary education. The situation is particularly difficult in rural and low-income areas, where parents are unable to provide additional financial support to the school. The shortage of school textbooks (for which you have to pay or buy them) and inadequate learning conditions due to the poor condition of school buildings pose the most serious problems. Providing education to ethnic minorities is mandatory by law, along with providing these students with school textbooks, which places an additional burden on the budget. Work is currently underway to prepare a new curriculum and school textbooks (at the moment it has already been completed to the 3rd grade level, in 2000 it is planned to cover the 4th grade). The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has provided assistance by providing a loan for the production of new textbooks, but all efforts of financial and human resources are focused on the preparation of a new curriculum and training materials. In addition, ADB has contributed to the equipment of computer classrooms in schools (980 schools are planned to be provided), but still the tasks of the state program remain unfulfilled. Auxiliary training materials and equipment are outdated, and there is also a shortage of them. School conditions, including water and sanitation, are particularly poor in rural areas. Classes are crowded everywhere. In 1996/97, 3,123 rural schools worked in two shifts, compared with 1,479 urban schools. Sixty-seven schools were engaged in three shifts. However, in other rural schools, the number of students is so low that teachers teach classes simultaneously in three or four classes, without using modern teaching methods designed for different levels of students. Basically, the teaching staff has a high level of training, but there are still many gaps. Some kindergarten teachers have been transferred to primary school classes due to the closure of preschool institutions; they need retraining to improve their skills. Teachers have very limited access to new teaching methods and classroom management. It is also necessary to conduct professional training of school principals in school management skills.
Children in need of special protection measures Disadvantaged children, especially orphans and the disabled, are required by law to receive free education. Approximately 63,500 of the estimated 84,000 orphans attend schools, either boarding schools (10,060) or regular schools (53,420). Children with disabilities (there were 120,000 in 1996) do not seem to receive a generally accepted level of education. The number of disabled children is growing, especially in the environmental disaster areas adjacent to Semipalatinsk and the Aral Sea. Despite the fact that only limited information is available on the condition of orphanages, destitute and abandoned children continue to be placed in specialized organizations, and it is also clear that budget cuts have reduced the State's ability to take care of them at the same level as before. In such an environment, it is difficult for employees to meet even the most minimal needs of children, leaving them to overcome psychological barriers on their own.
Justification The Government of Kazakhstan expresses its commitment to improving the quality of education. UNICEF strives to accelerate progress in secondary education, taking into account the knowledge needs of vulnerable groups in society, focusing on improving the effectiveness and quality of education, and achieving a satisfactory level of knowledge for students at different stages of primary education. Currently, Kazakhstan has fully granted the child's right to education - compulsory secondary education is guaranteed free of charge to children aged 6 to 16 years. The problem is that the level of quality of education they receive has decreased compared to the past. Teachers in Kazakhstan need and desire to improve their teaching and management skills in schools. The introduction of teaching methods aimed at children is one of the objectives of the new Law on Education. But these methods cannot be distributed everywhere, they need to be tested and adapted to the conditions in Kazakhstan. It is also necessary to continue to refine and include information on health and hygiene, peace and tolerance, the environment and a healthy lifestyle in the curriculum. There is a clear need for information about children in need of special protection measures - street children; children held in special and specialized institutions (orphanages, orphanages, boarding schools, etc.); disabled children; working children; as well as those who do not attend school on a permanent basis due to lack of funds, or who are forced to work in order to help replenish the family budget. As for children held in special and specialized institutions, the priority areas of activity are to improve the condition of the institutions themselves, as well as the search for alternative approaches to the treatment and care of these children. Caring for children in a family setting is the best way to meet a child's individual needs.; and, consequently, providing support to families in the maintenance of children, reuniting children placed in state care with their families, adoption, as well as creating conditions for the transfer of children to foster care as a system closest to family education are the most possible ways to solve problems that need further study and support. As soon as additional information is collected, it will be possible to analyze the problem fully and develop an appropriate strategy.
Program objectives Increasing the right of access to a child-centered learning environment, paying special attention to children with special needs. Support for children's right to development in home care.
Objectives of the program 1. To make the learning environment more child-oriented; 2. To contribute to the discussion and formation of an educational policy that supports the rights of all children and ensures their right of access; 3. To support the development, adaptation and dissemination of teaching and school management methods appropriate to the socio-economic situation in Kazakhstan; 4. To ensure that school attendance levels are maintained and to reduce the dropout rate of children who have dropped out of secondary school; 5. Integrate global education standards into the school curriculum; 6. To assist the Government in building and strengthening national capacities for monitoring the quality of education and learning achievements; 7. To assist the public in improving the quality of education in local schools; 8. To assist the Government in developing a mechanism for focusing social assistance on families and children most affected by the reduction in family income, unemployment and the disintegration of the social security network; 9. Encourage the development of a child protection system that prevents children from being placed in special and specialized institutions, as well as promotes the social integration of children in need of special protection measures; 10. To improve the quality of psychosocial care and services for children who still have to live in special and specialized institutions.
Program strategies
Support for the provision of specific social services In a limited number of cases, UNICEF will provide textbooks and other educational materials to schools in areas in need.
Improving government capabilities UNICEF will assist in strengthening the capacities of education policy makers and those who put them into practice, as well as social professionals, to provide effective support for children's health, development, protection and participation through education and ongoing policy discussions. UNICEF will work with several NGOs to strengthen their capacity to provide services by acting as advocates for disadvantaged children.
Strengthening the role of target aid groups Strengthening the role of the civil society and the family in order to take an active part in the upbringing and education of their children. Schools will be encouraged to work closely with parents to ensure that children's educational needs are met. It is planned to provide education to the population, including teachers and children on the rights of the child.
UNICEF will advocate for the recognition of children's rights, in particular, the rights to education, life and upbringing in the family, as well as the rights of children in need of special protection measures.
Program coverage and beneficiaries (target groups) The types of activities under the program will mainly be carried out at the national level, and will be aimed at children from vulnerable segments of society, which will be identified in the first year of the project. Special support and services will be focused on areas in particular need. Criteria for selecting such areas or districts will be developed, taking into account factors such as average family income, unemployment rate, presence of risk groups, involvement of partners and donors. In addition to the schoolchildren who will benefit from the Project to Improve the Learning Environment, the specific groups of beneficiaries will include children in need of special protection measures, such as children at risk who may potentially end up in special and specialized institutions, or who are already in them; children who are subjected to any form of abuse. violence; disabled children; street children.
A project to create a supportive learning environment
Goals and objectives of the project 1. To support the transition to a more child-oriented environment that meets the individual needs of children; 2. To help children, parents and teachers establish cooperative links between schools, families and the life of the civil society; 3. To support the strengthening of school governance through a decentralized approach based on the civil society; 4. Provide assistance in teaching teachers how to identify potential students who are in danger of dropping out of school, as well as ways to counteract school dropout and non-attendance by students, and to attract public support and cooperation; 5. To support the development of non-attendance schemes and monitoring systems; 6. To promote equality, respect, non-discrimination and inclusion of all children; 7. To support the integration of global education standards, including health education, peace and tolerance education, environmental issues and a healthy lifestyle into school curricula; 8. To assist the Government in building and strengthening national capacities to monitor the quality of education and learning achievements on an ongoing basis.
Project strategies
Support for the provision of specific social services In a limited number of cases, UNICEF will provide textbooks and other educational materials to schools in distressed areas. UNICEF will work with representatives of education agencies to improve curricula, learning environments, and monitoring systems.
Improving government capabilities Education system employees, policy makers and members of the public will be supported, as well as given the opportunity to receive training in order to improve the management and monitoring of the education system.
Strengthening the role of target groups, emphasis will be placed on strengthening the role of the public and the family so that they can actively participate in their children's education. Schools will be encouraged to work closely with parents to ensure that their children's educational needs are met. Under the auspices of the school system-oriented learning environment sub-project, community groups will be established to advise and monitor school system improvement activities. The activities of the life skills sub-project will include informing and strengthening the role of children in becoming more involved in protecting their own health, as well as their social and physical environment.
Main partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be the Ministry of Education and Science, its departments and institutes, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the National Center for the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle. Communication will be established with NGOs and the media during public awareness-raising activities. UN agencies, donors and other interested international and national organizations will be involved in the project implementation.
Program administration The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments in cooperation with UNICEF. A project coordination group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation process of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Impact indicators
- The percentage of schools in the target groups of the public that adapt the practice of "child-friendliness" and the curricula based on it; - The percentage of changes in the levels of school attendance by children, including the parameters of regular attendance/occasional attendance/non-attendance at all, by age group and depending on the gender of the child; - Availability/use of materials on health, hygiene, peacefulness, tolerance, environment and healthy lifestyle
Performance indicators
A sub-project to improve the learning environment, focused on the school system
- Identification of potential groups in society - Conducting discussions among citizens - Selection of target groups of the population - Determining the number of school principals and teachers for their training and applying the acquired skills in practice
Access to education and civic engagement
- Creation of a monitoring system for non-attendance - Determination of the number of teachers, community groups and parents for their child rights training - The number of seminars held for groups of the population and schools
A sub-project for the education of life skills
- Formation of a working group - Conducting a country-specific assessment of the availability of educational materials for life skills training - Conducting research in the field of international experience and its acceptability in Kazakhstan
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism
Project implementation will be monitored through field visits, as well as through coordination and strategic visits with partners.
A sub-project to improve the learning environment, focused on the school system
Events
1. Within the framework of the national educational reform, political decision-making with the Government; 2. Review of existing research results, as well as conducting additional research necessary to identify potential civil society groups and schools in order to assist them; 3. Holding a forum with the participation of the civil society community to discuss the type and level of assistance needed, as well as its willingness and willingness to support the creation of a child-centered learning environment; 4. Final selection of civil society groups and schools to assist them, preparation of implementation plans and monitoring of the sub-project; 5. Identify, adapt, and facilitate on-site child orientation training for all teachers and school leaders in selected target areas; 6. Conducting on-site training for school administrators and teachers in school and classroom management methods in selected target areas; 7. Provision of textbooks and educational materials to target areas; 8. Providing support for the establishment of adequate sanitation and water supply in selected high-risk schools in order to promote universal access to education; 9. Providing support for the rehabilitation of the infrastructure of individual high-risk schools in order to promote universal access to education; 10. Monitoring the provision and use of assistance; 11. Assessment of the effectiveness of the assistance provided, affecting the quality of education.
A sub-project to improve access to education and civil society engagement
Events
- Identification of potential groups in society - Conducting discussions among citizens - Selection of target groups of the population - Determining the number of school principals and teachers for their training and applying the acquired skills in practice
Access to education and civic engagement
- Creation of a monitoring system for non-attendance - Determination of the number of teachers, community groups and parents for their child rights training - The number of seminars held for groups of the population and schools
A sub-project for the education of life skills
- Formation of a working group - Conducting a country-specific assessment of the availability of educational materials for life skills training - Conducting research in the field of international experience and its acceptability in Kazakhstan
Evaluation and monitoring mechanism
Project implementation will be monitored through field visits, as well as through coordination and strategic visits with partners.
A sub-project to improve the learning environment, focused on the school system
Events
1. Within the framework of the national educational reform, political decision-making with the Government; 2. Review of existing research results, as well as conducting additional research necessary to identify potential civil society groups and schools in order to assist them; 3. Holding a forum with the participation of the civil society community to discuss the type and level of assistance needed, as well as its willingness and willingness to support the creation of a child-centered learning environment; 4. Final selection of civil society groups and schools to assist them, preparation of implementation plans and monitoring of the sub-project; 5. Identify, adapt, and facilitate on-site child orientation training for all teachers and school leaders in selected target areas; 6. Conducting on-site training for school administrators and teachers in school and classroom management methods in selected target areas; 7. Provision of textbooks and educational materials to target areas; 8. Providing support for the establishment of adequate sanitation and water supply in selected high-risk schools in order to promote universal access to education; 9. Providing support for the rehabilitation of the infrastructure of individual high-risk schools in order to promote universal access to education; 10. Monitoring the provision and use of assistance; 11. Assessment of the effectiveness of the assistance provided, affecting the quality of education.
A sub-project to improve access to education and civil society engagement
Events
1. Review of existing information and data on school dropouts and non-attendance; 2. Development, testing and conducting an express assessment of non-attendance; 3. Preparation of a report on the breadth of the problem, the causes and possible actions to overcome it; 4. Review of the report with the participation of decision makers, as well as study of approaches used in other countries to solve similar problems; 5. Organizing a working group to develop teaching materials for teachers to identify and assist students who are in danger of dropping out of school and those with chronic attendance problems; 6. To develop, in cooperation with the working group, a system for continuous monitoring of non-attendance in pilot areas; 7. Implementation of a non-attendance monitoring system; 8. Carrying out the necessary monitoring, evaluation and revision of the system; 9. Identification of the reasons for non-attendance; 10. Defining strategies to combat non-attendance; 11. Conducting training for teachers and other interested persons on methods to combat non-attendance; 12. Sponsoring seminars held at the civil society level to encourage dialogue between schools and the civil society on ways to improve cooperation in child support and school governance.
A sub-project for the education of life skills
Activities 1. Formation of a working group consisting of interested government representatives, UN agency staff, teachers, experts and members of the public; 2. Evaluation of materials and experience of Kazakhstan on the implementation of international educational standards in the school curriculum, including materials on sanitary and hygienic education, peace and tolerance, the environment and a healthy lifestyle; 3. Research of international experience in the implementation of international education standards in schools; 4. Based on the results of evaluation and research, prepare a strategy to encourage and support the implementation of these topics and materials in all school curricula; 5. Monitor and evaluate progress and effectiveness; review the strategy if necessary.
A project to help children in need of special protection measures
Project objectives 1. Conducting research on street children, foster children and children held in special and specialized institutions; 2. Support for government and NGO initiatives leading to a reduction in the number of children in special and specialized institutions for a long time through measures such as family reunification, foster care, placement of healthy children (without disabilities) in family orphanages (foster homes) and children's shelter centers; 3. Encouraging the enhancement of family values and improving the quality of social services for children in order to reduce the number of abandoned young children; 4. Working together with the Government to increase the number of families and groups offering themselves as willing to foster children; 5. Support for the involvement of children with disabilities in society (they attend regular schools, etc.); 6. Joint work with the government to improve the quality of child care in special and specialized institutions; 7. Strengthening opportunities for joint activities and information exchange among child protection NGOs in order to establish relationships with government representatives, policy makers, regional authorities and ministries.
Project strategies
Support for the provision of specific social services UNICEF will assist the Government in improving the system of social services, including support for families in need to help them keep their children in the family: support for foster carers and institutional care.
Improving the capabilities of the State The program will aim to build the capacity of government policy makers and senior managers to adapt and test new methods of dealing with children in need of special protection measures. The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection's support to families through the provision of social services to them will be enhanced by improving the quality of training for social workers in certain high-risk areas.
Strengthening the role of target groups This project seeks to strengthen the role of the family in creating conditions for better care for children with special needs, as well as their advocacy for support and services that meet the individual needs of their children.
To protect the interests of children, UNICEF will encourage the use of alternative approaches, such as home care for children with disabilities, and the improvement of day care facilities. He will advocate for changes in the way minors who violate the law are treated in special educational and treatment institutions, street children and children with disabilities. UNICEF will support government initiatives/The NGO, in carrying out legislative reforms to protect the interests of children, for example, will promote the adoption of a draft law on the administration of justice for juvenile violators of the law, as well as research on the system of penalties for administrative offenses.
Main partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be the Ministry of Education and Science, its divisions and institutes, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Agency for Health and the National Center for Healthy Lifestyle. Communication will be established with NGOs and the media during public awareness-raising activities. UN agencies, donors and other interested international and national organizations will be involved in the project implementation.
Project administration
The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments in cooperation with UNICEF, and a Project Coordination Group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation process of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Impact indicators
- The number of children aged 6-12 years in State care, by age group and depending on the sex of the child - The annual number of abandoned children aged 6-12 years - The annual number of children placed in family orphanages in the areas covered by the project - The number of disabled children attending regular schools
Performance indicators
A sub-project to reduce the harm and exploitation of children
- Revision of existing legislation - Conducting campaigns to raise the level of public awareness - Adoption of legislative provisions and examples of useful practices
A sub-project on alternative approaches to care in special and specialized institutions
- Conducting initial research - Conducting research on the resources needed to keep a child in the family, compared with keeping him in special and specialized institutions - The number of training seminars held - The number of trained people, from which organizations, their level and the application of acquired skills in practice - The adoption of laws
Monitoring and evaluation mechanism The monitoring and evaluation mechanism will be developed jointly with key partners. Project implementation will be monitored through field visits, as well as through coordination and strategic visits with partners. At the initial stage of the project, attention will be focused on working with the government to improve data collection.
A sub-project to reduce the harm and exploitation of children
Activities 1. Support the monitoring of the degree of protection of all children from all forms of physical, moral or sexual violence, by conducting research at regular intervals, involving representatives of various age groups of children and parents acting as a model; 2. Support the revision of the legislative framework responsible for protecting children from all forms of physical or moral violence, both at home and in special and specialized institutions; 3. Support the development of policies on child abuse through the establishment of statistical data collection procedures; 4. Documentary evidence of the situation with "invisible" working children: their use as agricultural workers, for housework; 5. Support efforts to implement a system for providing primary health services to children living on the streets who require special attention due to their substance abuse, their exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases, violence and psycho-social disorders; 6. Support campaigns to raise public awareness about the realities of child exploitation both on the street and in the workplace, through the media and other means; 7. Support for the participation of children and their involvement in all stages of program planning.
A sub-project on alternative approaches to care in special institutions
Activities 1. Conducting situational analysis and initial research on the situation of children in special education. institutions; 2. Support for a government seminar to review the situation of children unable to live with their family and the existing levels of family support; 3. Support a comparative analysis of the levels of resources needed to keep a child in his own family and the cost of placement in special and specialized institutions; 4. Support the Government's efforts to deinstitutionalize children and reduce the number of children in each orphanage/boarding school; 5. Conducting policy-making seminars and/or exchanging visits to countries that have gone through similar transformations in the provision of services, legislation, and policy, as well as holding NGO forums on specific issues of child care in special areas. institutions; 6. Conducting seminars for specialists, volunteers, and decision makers on the reduction and prevention of child exploitation (child protection issues); 7. Support for the implementation of measures and services to improve the psycho-social development of children through the training of workers in orphanages and boarding schools; 8. Organization of a seminar on the rights of children with disabilities in order to enable local authorities to develop policies and strategic plans for the development of integrated services; 9. Educating school principals in selected districts on the approaches necessary to involve children with disabilities in public life through their attendance at a regular school for healthy children.
A project on policy development, interconnections, and emergency preparedness
Goals and objectives of the project 1. Conducting situational analysis and basic research; 2. Providing technical advice to support the fulfillment of reporting obligations in accordance with relevant international standards; 3. Supporting policy analysis and development, as well as communication activities in the field of education and child protection; 4. Support the development of emergency preparedness initiatives that meet the rights of the child.
Project strategies This project echoes all three programs, focusing on different policy areas in each program. The Comprehensive Child Development Program will focus on education and child protection.
Support for the provision of specific social services
In case of an emergency, UNICEF will assist in conducting training sessions in the affected areas.
Strengthening the capabilities of the State
Through improved initial information, exchange of experience with other countries, and policy decisions, education system officials and decision makers will be able to better organize the implementation of children's rights.
Protecting the interests of children
UNICEF will advocate for all the needs and rights of children in need of special protection measures and create a child-centered learning environment.
Main partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be the Ministry of Education and Science, its divisions and institutes, the National Agency for Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the National Center for the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle. Communication will be established with NGOs and the media during public awareness-raising activities. UN agencies, donors and other interested international and national organizations will be involved in the project implementation.
Project administration
The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments in cooperation with UNICEF, and a Project Coordination Group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation process of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Performance indicators
- Carrying out situational analysis and other research - Establishment of an educational forum in the Central Committee - Number and type of communication materials released - Creation of emergency preparedness plans that take into account the rights of the child - Research on the impact of communication activities, if necessary.
A sub-project on policy development, interconnections, and emergency preparedness
Activities 1. Conducting situational analysis and encouraging policy development, as outlined in Projects on the Learning Environment and the Protection of Children in need of special Protection Measures; 2. Determining the level of interest in the participation and work of the CARC Educational Forum. Establishment of such a forum, if feasible; 3. Support for communication activities of a more general nature in the thematic areas covered by the program materials; 4. Support the necessary emergency preparedness in accordance with the situation in the country.
A sub-project to support the program
This sub-project stands out in all three cooperation programs, and its main purpose is to finance salaries for UNICEF employees, business trips, and other expenses related to the implementation of the program.
Events
1. Posts of UNICEF employees; 2. Business trips within the Central Asian Republic; 3. Business trips abroad; 4. Training; 5. Operating expenses.
Program budget
In thousands of US dollars
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The project! ! 2000 !2001 ! 2002 ! 2003 ! 2004 ! Total
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Improving the learning environment OP 83.0 83.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 541.0
DR 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 300.0 1500.0
Children in need of OP 55.0 55.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 335.0
Special protection measures DR 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 750.0
Policy development, OP 55.0 55.0 61.0 61.0 63.0 295.0
relationships and under-
preparing for emergencies0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0
situations
in total OP 193.0 193.0 261.0 261.0 263.0 1171.0
DR 300.0 300.0 450.0 450.0 450.0 1950.0
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OP - Main resources DR - Additional resources Contribution from the Government of Kazakhstan and other organizations The issues of comprehensive child development are among the priorities of the Government's work. The Government provides the Education Committee with huge resources to address these issues. All expenses related to staff salaries and monitoring of local programs will be paid by the State. Other international organizations, national institutions, as well as partners in multilateral and bilateral cooperation will participate in the program.
Youth Welfare Program
The project for Protection project The project on adolescent children and lifestyle development, policy reform, juvenile relations and justice is an emergency.the situation.
Juvenile education A project to develop life justice policies and skills for emergency monitoring and preparation
Communication and Alternatives A sub-project on youth participation in approaches to content and media work in program institutions
A brief overview The Youth Welfare Program is aimed at supporting and improving the health, growth and development of the life skills of adolescents necessary for entering adulthood and civic formation, covering the age group of children from 13 to 18 years old. As part of the healthy lifestyle program, UNICEF will encourage the development of adolescent lifestyle projects that will include providing adolescents with appropriate health services and life skills development activities. UNICEF will support the creation of a mechanism for the participation of adolescents in solving issues of their own development. In addition, this program will aim to spread information about a healthy lifestyle, and create connections for teenagers with professional counselors, the media, and NGOs. For these purposes, UNICEF uses about 985 thousand US dollars over a five-year period from core resources and about 2 million 250 thousand US dollars from additional funds in case of successful donor search.
Situation analysis More than 5 million children under the age of 18 live in Kazakhstan, and this is 1/3 of the total population of the republic. The experience gained by young people today will largely determine the future of the region, and therefore it is very important to understand the impact of the ongoing changes in the transition period on young people. The problems faced by young people living in the newly independent States of the former Soviet Union, and in particular in Kazakhstan, vary. Their life in the third millennium differs in many ways from the life lived by their parents and other adult members of society at their age, who are currently determining policy towards youth. Young people face economic difficulties, which seriously affect family life, and now lead to increasing insecurity in matters of earnings, and, consequently, stress in the family. Their future is also a concern.; There is no certainty of getting a job, studying at universities no longer guarantees work, and the idea that children can be on their own in this unstable economic situation is also disturbing. In light of economic difficulties and pressure from supporters of liberal reforms, the Government of Kazakhstan is increasingly moving away from the social benefits and guarantees that were laid down in Soviet times: access to education, medical care, leisure, guaranteed housing, work, social protection, etc. This state of affairs has a direct and serious impact on teenagers, who in the near future will be called upon to participate in the construction of a post-Soviet society in Kazakhstan. The following factors, put at the forefront by the Government, represent new, complicated phenomena of the transition period:
Behavioral reactions on the verge of risk Increase in the number of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), HIV cases/AIDS, unwanted pregnancies, alcohol and substance abuse may not directly affect the development of adolescents, but they can serve as predisposing factors at this age and have a huge impact in the future. This is the most vulnerable age group, and the right approaches to these issues should determine the possible exacerbation of these problems in the future. In 1997 alone, 26,000 people who use drugs were officially registered in Kazakhstan, but there are many unregistered drug addicts. Intravenous drug administration has contributed to a sharp rise in the number of people infected with HIV. 71.2% of all HIV-infected people are young people aged 15 to 30 years. In 1997, the incidence rate of STDs increased 135 times compared to 1994. The well-being of young people is a particular concern. Suicide cases are increasing due to an increase in alcohol and drug abuse.
Youth in conflict with the law The number of minor violators of the law is a particular concern, and for such a group of young people, as well as for children deprived of parents, the Government would like to offer training programs on the development of labor and professional skills. There is an increase in crimes among minors. The system of administration of justice for juvenile violators of the law and the detention of adolescents in correctional institutions is poorly adapted to the prevailing realities. The administration of justice for adolescents and minors is often conducted in the same conditions as for adults, without taking into account all the circumstances that brought young people into conflict with the law. The current justice system mainly follows the principles of punishment and correction, rather than contributing to the rehabilitation of a young violator of the law and responding to his/her individual situation. It is necessary to consider the issue of recidivism among teenagers released from prison.
Youth held in special and specialized institutions The time is coming when teenagers and youth in special institutions, due to the absence of parents, or for any other reason, will leave these institutions to start a new adult life. Without the necessary support and guidance, they can easily become involved in criminal gangs, alcohol and drug use. There is currently a lack of information on this issue, and such data will be collected as part of this program.
Institutions focused on youth issues Currently, there is a shortage of safe places to hold various activities aimed at the development of adolescents and adapted to their current needs. Although some NGOs are trying to work in this direction, it still remains a problem, especially in rural areas.
Cooperation in 1995-1999 The cooperation program between UNICEF and the Government of Kazakhstan for the period from 1995 to 1999, although on a small scale due to a small budget, addressed issues related to maternal and child health and nutrition, water supply and sanitation, the supply of school supplies to schools in the Aral region, and the protection of children's interests. The participation of Kazakh parliamentarians in the Ashgabat Conference on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), organized by the Inter-Parliamentary Union and UNICEF in 1997, led to successful work in protecting the interests of children. The existing legislative provisions have been brought into line with the provisions of the Convention.
Justification The proposed cooperation program for 2000-2004 will focus on key issues related to the well-being of youth, their development and protection. There is a clear need for a program that could help young people go through the transition to adulthood. Currently, the younger generation is facing new challenges and, unlike previous generations, receives less support. Young people are the future parents, teachers and politicians of Kazakhstan, and it is important that their skills and knowledge are preserved and developed. In addition, it is important that young people become an active participant in this program, both in planning and in project implementation.
Youth health and development Limited access of adolescents to medical care in conditions that do not infringe on their rights (medical institutions that are friendly to adolescents and youth). There is a need for cooperation between the Agency for Health Affairs, the Ministry of Education and Science, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to establish centers that can provide special services to young people in complete privacy. A serious threat of widespread HIV/AIDS/STDs, drug use and toxic substances, as a result of a lack of knowledge among the general population, and youth in particular. The existing government program for the formation of a healthy lifestyle should be expanded and aimed, to a greater extent, at adolescents and youth who are on the verge of risk.
The system of administration of justice in relation to juvenile violators of the law There is currently scant data on this issue, and such information will be collected under this program. A framework will be created for the Government to take steps to improve or develop social policies, legislation, and programs to protect adolescents and youth through a systematic approach to understanding the system itself. The need to improve laws and regulations related to the well-being and development of youth in the context of changing social, political and economic conditions. Some of the laws and regulations adopted in the Soviet era that do not comply with the provisions of the juvenile justice system are still in force. The need for professional development of staff working with children in orphanages, special educational or curative care and other institutions to provide psychological and family assistance to adolescents and youth. In addition, there is a need to train social workers, law enforcement officers, lawyers and other specialists in issues of psycho-social development, child rights, preventive and rehabilitative measures to help young people with behavioral problems and protect them from staying in special and specialized institutions.
Children in need of special protection measures The lack of data or other information about children at risk (i.e. street children; children in conflict with the law; incarcerated; sexually exploited; forced labor; drug and other toxic substances users, etc.) is key to understanding the severity of the problem and its scale, as well as to developing approaches. Its solution will be the collection and analysis of data with the participation of organizations working with young people.
Youth participation Currently, there is no youth forum or other means of exchanging experiences and ideas/opinions among young people on issues related to the rights and responsibilities of the child. This model is presented as a youth forum, with the participation of adults who can provide young people with fruitful ground for the full development of their potential.
The purpose of the program is to ensure the right of young people to access information and services that will allow them to make informed decisions about the safe transition to adulthood and the successful upbringing of their own children. Ensure the right of young people to express their views and opinions on health, education and protection of adolescents. Ensure the right of young people in conflict with the law to recognition and assistance.
Objectives of the program 1. Reducing the number of young people going through the justice system and encouraging necessary changes in the situation of children in conflict with the law and deprived of their liberty. 2. Promote a child protection system that can prevent children from being placed in special institutions and promote the social integration of children in need of special protection measures. 3. To support the efforts of the Government, NGOs, local authorities and civil society in promoting youth health, development, protection and participation. 4. To increase the awareness of young people about healthy lifestyle issues and the dangers of AIDS/HIV, intravenous drug addiction. 5. To encourage the participation of young people in social, aesthetic, sports and civic activities, which will lead to the full development of their moral, physical and intellectual capabilities and, subsequently, to full-fledged citizenship.
The UNICEF program strategy will support the efforts of the Government, NGOs, local authorities and the civil society community aimed at promoting the health, development, protection and participation of youth. Within the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary strategy has been developed to respond in a timely and appropriate manner to issues affecting the interests of young people.
Youth participation This program will place special emphasis on the participation of adolescents and youth, NGOs, and community groups at all stages of the program's planning, implementation, and monitoring. The contribution of young people will be key to developing and maintaining a program that responds to their needs in an accessible way.
Support for the provision of specific social services UNICEF will provide support in improving the provision of social services such as detention in special institutions, juvenile justice, education and training for employees of various government agencies and NGO staff.
Improved features The program will focus on training professionals and other staff in child protection, health, and youth development. Training and technical assistance activities will be planned and coordinated by the UNICEF Office in CARAC. Priority will be given to Peer Education for those who work with at-risk youth. The capabilities of both national partners and technical institutes will be enhanced.
Strengthening the role of target groups Strengthening the role of youth for their active participation in solving their needs will be a key moment that will help young people in the transition to adulthood. In addition, it is important that young people themselves be able to participate in the decision-making process concerning their problems.
To protect the interests of children and adolescents, UNICEF will promote the creation of an enabling environment to support the resolution of issues related to the development of young people. Campaigns to improve knowledge among teenagers will include the collection and analysis of information, the development of communication and educational materials. UNICEF will work with parliamentarians, senior government officials, NGOs and the media.
Program coverage and recipients of assistance The main activities of the program will be implemented at the national level, in accordance with the introduction of changes to be adopted in the current legislation, the establishment of new standards of assistance, the strengthening of the role of the family support system and the development of training programs for social workers. A group of young people (in the region or district) will be selected to work at the subnational level. Criteria for selecting such areas or districts will be developed, taking into account factors such as average family income, unemployment rate, presence of risk groups, involvement of potential partners (especially NGOs) and international agencies. Projects on juvenile justice and child protection will focus on working with adolescents in conflict with the law, juvenile offenders, at-risk adolescents, and children with disabilities. Special attention will be paid to the youth of the urban districts of Almaty, Astana and Temirtau (Karaganda region).
The Teenage Lifestyle Project
Project objectives: 1. To raise awareness among young people about a healthy lifestyle in order to learn about self-protection measures against the danger of sexually transmitted diseases and sexually transmitted diseases/AIDS, intravenous drug addiction, as well as abuse of other psychotropic substances 2. Ensure that young people have access to information about their rights and ensure their full participation in the realization and protection of these rights. 3 Provide young people with basic skills in communication, assessing their own situation and solving problems 4. Support the creation of youth information centers where children and young people can have access to and develop information materials related to their development and protection. 5 Create an environment for youth groups to meet in an atmosphere of free discussion of issues of concern/interest to youth, along with issues related to health, development, rights and future hopes 6. Help youth develop skills to participate in decision-making concerning their problems
Project strategy
Supporting the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will support the Government's efforts to establish youth centers through the supply of basic supplies and equipment.
Participation The project involves active cooperation with the Government, NGOs and youth groups to support and protect their rights during the development and administration of the project. The promotion of healthy lifestyle activities will take place in accordance with the State program through the dissemination of information through various media channels, youth organizations and the civil society.
Enhancing capabilities Strengthening the capabilities of education and healthcare professionals in promoting healthy lifestyles and self-expression of youth about their problems.
UNICEF's advocacy will advocate for taking into account the views and opinions of young people so that they are taken into account when making decisions about youth issues. The promotion of healthy lifestyle activities will take place in accordance with the State program through the dissemination of information through various media channels, youth organizations and the civil society.
Partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be youth groups. NGOs working with youth, the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Health, the National Center for the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle, the Ministry of Education and Science, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The planning, monitoring and implementation process will involve UNAIDS, UNESCO and other UN agencies, NGOs and donors.
Project administration The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments, youth groups and NGOs in cooperation with UNICEF, and a Project Coordination Group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation process of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Impact indicators - The number of young people infected with HIV/AIDS and other STDs - The number of young people who use drugs - The level of knowledge of young people in matters of reproductive health, STDs, drug addiction - The level of knowledge of young people in matters of law
Performance indicators
Sub-project on lifelong learning - Basic research has been conducted - Training materials have been developed - Training materials have been distributed - The number of trained peer trainers (peer educators) applying the acquired skills in practice - The number of youth centers
Communication and participation of youth in working with the media - The number of training seminars for the media - The number of youth forums created - The number of active youth organizations - The number and content of prepared materials - The number of trained volunteers applying the acquired skills in practice - The number of radio and television programs on the rights of the child
Monitoring and evaluation mechanism
A monitoring and evaluation mechanism will be developed. Project implementation will be monitored through field visits, as well as through coordination and strategic visits with partners. Youth engagement with NGOs and youth centers will be encouraged to identify needs and monitor activities.
A sub-project for the education of life skills and peer education of young people
Activities 1. In coordination with the Government and UN agencies (the United Nations AIDS Programme/UNAIDS, UNDP and UNESCO), conduct basic research (knowledge-attitude-practice and rapid assessment procedures) to assess the situation of risk groups: intravenous drug addiction and street children. 2 Develop a package of training materials for specific groups of professionals working with young people, such as teachers, youth center staff, volunteers, etc. in high-risk areas 3. Develop and disseminate an information and educational package on AIDS/HIV, STDs, reproductive health, nutrition, drug addiction, alcoholism, smoking, hygiene and unwanted pregnancy (UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, UNDP, United Nations AIDS Programme/UNAIDS) 4. Opening and/or supporting existing youth and other youth-friendly centers/institutions 5. To train young people as teachers for their peers in various institutions such as youth centers, schools, and complementary youth projects. 6 Introduction of life skills education in the school curriculum (secondary education) and outside the school (in youth centers or organized youth groups) in the context of the national Healthy Lifestyle Program7. Support for NGO and government activities on life skills development in risk settings, reproductive health counseling, and HIV awareness raising/AIDS/STD, self-capital accumulation skills training 8. Support of NGO network activities and forums for the exchange of experience in conducting community programs for youth at risk 9. Assistance in the creation of centers for socially vulnerable adolescents that guarantee access and participation in their own creative expression and satisfaction of needs.
A sub-project on communication and youth participation in media work
Activities 1. To finance the training of media journalists on child rights and youth participation in decision-making processes on issues affecting the lives of young people. 2. Creating Youth Forums as an independent and informal process and a place to bring young people together and discuss issues that directly affect their lives. 3. To help organize youth organizations and clubs by involving youth centers or existing programs run by NGOs. Young people will be encouraged to create audio-visual programs, printed products, shows, etc.).
Juvenile Justice Reform and Child Protection Project
Project objectives 1. Support for the prevention of violations of the law among adolescents and youth, including crime prevention 2. Promote dialogue between the various sectors involved in the protection of juvenile violators of the law 3. Pay attention to correctional justice and the social integration of violators 4. Encourage a different juvenile justice system from the existing one. 5 Strengthening the knowledge of legal and law enforcement professionals in the implementation of the CRC and other international acts on juvenile justice 6. Encouraging the use of deprivation of liberty as a last resort 7. Support for measures to reduce the number of juvenile violators of the law 8. Support in the imposition of alternative penalties for juvenile violators of the law convicted for the first time 9. Support for measures to reduce the number of minors held in pre-trial detention for a long time before court hearings 10. Support the efforts of the Government and NGOs leading to reducing the length of stay of children in long-term special institutions and replacing them with the practice of family reintegration, shelters, family homes 11. Strengthening the network of NGOs working with children to establish links with government politicians, local authorities and ministries.
Project strategies
To support the provision of specific social services, UNICEF will work with the Government and NGOs to improve the level and quality of work in child and adolescent detention centers, as well as in special government institutions, so that the rights of the child are recognized and protected.
Enhancing capabilities The program will strengthen the role and capabilities of the Government and NGOs in adopting and testing new methods of dealing with juvenile lawbreakers. Strengthening support in the form of public services provided by the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection to families through improving the quality of training for social workers in certain areas/regions at risk. It is planned to provide support to the government and NGOs in carrying out research work on the execution of sentences, in cases of guardianship, adoption, etc.
Protection of children's interests UNICEF will promote the improvement of legislation and practice in the field of protection of children's rights. On a pilot basis, the organization of safe places for homeless children and adolescents, women and their children, the creation of hotlines and crisis centers, as well as the promotion of home care for children with disabilities will be supported. UNICEF will work to improve the conditions of treatment and detention of juvenile prisoners, street children and children with disabilities, and support the efforts of the Government and NGOs in legislative reform, drafting the law on juvenile justice, and NGOs in conducting research on the execution of sentences.
Partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be youth groups, NGOs, Parliament, the Ministries of Justice and Internal Affairs, the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for Health, the Ministry of Education and Science, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. UNICEF will cooperate with interested UN agencies and other donors.
Project administration
The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments in cooperation with UNICEF, and a Project Coordination Group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation process of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Impact indicators are an indicator of the number of young people aged 13-18 who are in special care. by gender and age - The number of abandoned and abandoned children per year - The number of children placed in foster homes in pilot areas per year - The number of disabled children attending regular schools - The number of children who violated the law - The number of alternative court decisions for teenagers who violated the law for the first time
Performance indicators
Juvenile Justice sub-project
- Basic research on minors in conflict with the law has been conducted - Number of seminars conducted - Number of trained professionals applying the acquired skills in practice - Training materials have been developed - Number of materials developed and distributed - Coverage of vocational training - Review and reassessment of the seriousness of offenses committed by minors.
Alternative approaches to institutionalization
- Basic research has been conducted - A study has been conducted on the resources needed to keep children in the family and the difference with the content in the spec. institutions - The number of training seminars held - The number of trained specialists applying the acquired skills in practice, from which organization, level
Monitoring and evaluation mechanism Monitoring and evaluation will be coordinated at the regional level. Project implementation will be monitored through field visits, as well as through coordination and strategic visits with partners. The initial stages of the project will focus on working with the government to improve data collection.
Juvenile Justice sub-project
Activities 1. Conducting research and analysis of offenses committed by minors 2. To organize a multi-disciplinary round table to identify the limitations of the juvenile justice process and comprehensive approaches that would include the main provisions of the International Covenants (Riyadh, Beijing and Pearl) 3. To facilitate the exchange of information with the Government and NGOs on the provisions of the CRC and juvenile justice standards 4. Exchange of practical experience with foreign judicial and law enforcement specialists in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of alternative approaches to punishment in juvenile delinquency 5. Improving the system of data collection and monitoring in the system of human rights protection of minors and children in need of special protection measures 6. Encourage the process of reviewing the seriousness of violations of the law and, accordingly, the severity of punishment 7. To develop training programs for police officers working with teenagers, lawyers, representatives of the prosecution and defense, judges, as well as administrative staff of juvenile detention centers, on children's rights, alternative punishment measures, crime prevention, rehabilitation, as well as on multidisciplinary methods of approach to the issue of juvenile delinquency. 8 Holding regular meetings at the national and local levels between participating government departments and NGOs to discuss issues in the light of standards compliance and achievement of goals. 9 To support NGO initiatives designed to improve the content in special and specialized institutions and prepare for life after graduation. Encourage the Government to conduct training in pilot areas for minors who have violated the law for the first time and teenagers who graduate after being held in institutions. 11 Publication of international standards and examples of international experience in such areas as the protection of minors in Russian and the State languages
Sub-project on alternative methods of detention in special and specialized institutions 1. Conducting research and analysis on minors who are at risk of being placed in special and specialized institutions 2. To support the Government in holding a meeting to discuss the situation of children who can no longer live with their families 3. To support a study on the resources needed to support children in the family and the difference in the cost of maintenance in special and specialized institutions 4. To support Government and NGO initiatives leading to a reduction in the number of children in special and specialized institutions for a long time and a reduction in the number of children in each boarding school/orphanage. 5 To hold seminars for developers of legislative acts and trips to exchange experiences in those countries that have already introduced relevant legislative changes, as well as to support an NGO forum on certain issues of detention in special and specialized institutions. 6 To support the implementation of measures to improve the psycho-social development of children through the training of orphanage staff 7. Conducting seminars for professionals, volunteers and decision makers on reducing and preventing child exploitation (child rights issues) 8. Organize a seminar on the rights of children with disabilities in order to enable local authorities to develop a strategic plan for the development of integrated services 9. Training of school principals on the education of children with disabilities in regular schools
A project on policy development, interconnections, and emergency preparedness
Goals and objectives of the project
1. Conducting situational analysis and basic research; 2. Conducting technical consultations to support the implementation of reporting obligations in accordance with relevant international standards; 3. Supporting policy analysis and development, as well as communication activities in the field of healthy lifestyles, juvenile justice reform and child rights protection; 4. Support the development of emergency preparedness initiatives that meet the rights of youth.
Project strategies This project echoes all three programs, focusing on different policy areas in each program. As for the Youth Welfare Program, emphasis will be placed on the issues of healthy lifestyle formation and juvenile justice.
Support for the provision of specific social services In the event of an emergency, UNICEF will support the provision of health services affected by it.
Strengthening the capabilities of the State Through improved initial information, the exchange of lessons learned from other countries, and policy decisions, system officials and decision makers will be able to better address the issue of juvenile justice and the protection of children's rights.
Protecting the interests of children UNICEF will advocate for the protection of all the needs and rights of children in conflict with the law and the creation of a child-centered learning environment.
Main partners The main partners of UNICEF in the implementation of this project will be the Ministry of Education and Science, its divisions and institutes, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, as well as the National Commission for Family and Women's Affairs under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the National Center for the Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle. The planning, monitoring and implementation of the project will involve UNAIDS, UNESCO and other UN agencies, NGOs working with youth, and donors.
Project administration The projects will be implemented by representatives of national and local governments in cooperation with UNICEF, and a Project Coordination Group will be established to ensure control over the planning, monitoring and evaluation of the project. The group will consist of staff from the UNICEF Representative Office in CARC, the UNICEF Representative Office in Astana, government representatives, representatives of interested UN agencies and experts from participating ministries.
Indicators
Performance indicators
- Carrying out situational analysis and other research - Establishment of a Youth Forum in the Central Committee - Establishment of a Forum for the Protection of Children's Rights - Number and type of communication materials released - Research on the impact of communication activities, if necessary - Creation of emergency preparedness plans
A sub-project on policy development, interconnections, and emergency preparedness
Events
1. Conducting situational analysis and encouraging policy development in the child protection sector; 2. Participation in the implementation of educational reform; 3. A study of the level of interest in taking part in Youth Forums and protecting children's rights in the Central Asian Republic. Establishment of such a forum, if feasible; 4. Support for communication activities of a more general nature within the thematic areas covered by the program materials; 5. Support the necessary emergency preparedness in accordance with the situation in the country.
A sub-project to support the program
This sub-project stands out in all three cooperation programs, and its main purpose is to finance salaries for UNICEF employees, business trips, and other expenses related to the implementation of the program.
Events
1. Posts of UNICEF employees; 2. Business trips within the Central Asian Republic; 3. Business trips abroad; 4. Training; 5. Operating expenses.
Program budget
In thousands of US dollars
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Project 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total
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Teenage lifestyle OP 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 300.0
DR 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 1000.0
Protection of children and OP 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 260.0
reforming DR 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 1000.0
juvenile justice
Policy development, OP 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 425.0
relationships and preparation
emergency situations DR 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 250.0
in total Op. 197.0 197.0 197.0 197.0 197.0 985.0
DR 450.0 450.0 450.0 450.0 450.0 2250.0
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OP - Main resources DR - Additional resources
Contribution of the Government of Kazakhstan and other organizations The Government and partners from non-governmental organizations will ensure the availability of the necessary staff and salaries, the provision of premises, materials/equipment, technical expertise and funds for their operation and maintenance, in support of the management and implementation of the program. The Government/NGO partners will be responsible for all types of transportation within the country, storage and distribution of materials and equipment necessary for the implementation of the program on the ground. This responsibility will include incurring the costs of customs clearance and downtime in the event that the shipment has not cleared customs at the proper time at the port of arrival. Other organizations and partners in multilateral and bilateral cooperation will participate in the program.
President
Republic of Kazakhstan
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