Article 28. Digital systems of the Digital Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

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1. A digital system is a functionally connected complex of digital resources that uses digital infrastructure facilities to ensure the creation, collection, processing, storage and dissemination of digital data, as well as automating the interaction of subjects of the digital environment and (or) providing services in the digital environment.

2. The owner and (or) the owner of a digital system has the right, unless otherwise established by the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan or the owner and (or) the owner of digital resources, to determine the rules of operation of the digital system, including the conditions for the movement and use of digital resources contained therein.

The owner and (or) the owner of the digital system are obliged to ensure the reliability, integrity, protection and cybersecurity of the digital system, as well as comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on personal data and their protection.

3. If the owner and/or owner of the digital system are not the owners and/or owners of the digital resources contained therein, the procedure for operating the digital system and accessing digital resources is determined by an agreement between such owners and/or owners.

4. Creation, industrial operation, maintenance, development, integration, termination of industrial operation and protection of protected digital systems classified as state secrets are carried out in accordance with this Code, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on state secrets.

The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 9, 2026 No. 255-VIII SAM

This Code regulates public relations related to the implementation of architectural, urban planning and construction activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the formation of a full-fledged habitat and human activity, planning and development of settlements, interuniverse territories, ensuring the safety of construction sites at all stages of their life cycle.

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