Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
Adopted by General Assembly resolution No. 53/144 of December 9, 1998)
The General Assembly, Reaffirming the importance of respecting the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations for the promotion and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms of all individuals in all countries of the world, Reaffirming also the importance of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenants on Human Rights as key elements of international efforts to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and the importance of other human rights treaties adopted within the United Nations system, as well as at the regional level., Emphasizing that all members of the international community must, jointly and individually, fulfill their solemn obligation to promote and promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction of any kind, including on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other beliefs, national origin, of national or social origin, property, birth or other status, and affirming the special importance of ensuring international cooperation in fulfilling this obligation in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, Recognizing the important role of international cooperation and the valuable work of individuals, groups and associations in contributing to the effective elimination of all violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms of peoples and individuals, including massive, gross or systematic violations such as those resulting from apartheid, all forms of racial discrimination, colonialism, foreign domination or occupation, aggression, or threats to national sovereignty, national unity, or territorial integrity, as well as the result of the refusal to recognize the right of peoples to self-determination and the right of every people to exercise full sovereignty over their wealth and natural resources, recognizing the relationship between international peace and security and the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and realizing that the absence of international peace and security is not an excuse for their non-observance, reiterating that all human rights And fundamental freedoms are universal., indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, and should be promoted and implemented on a fair and equitable basis without prejudice to the enjoyment of each of these rights and freedoms, emphasizing that the primary responsibility and responsibility to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms lies with the State, recognizing the right and responsibility of individuals, groups and associations to promote respect for and promote greater a deep understanding of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels, declares:
Article 1
Everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to promote and strive to protect and exercise human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels.
Article 2
1. Each State has the primary responsibility and obligation to protect, promote and realize all human rights and fundamental freedoms, in particular by taking such measures as may be necessary to create all necessary social, economic, political, as well as other conditions and legal guarantees necessary to ensure that all persons Under his jurisdiction, individually and jointly with others, they could enjoy all these rights and freedoms in practice. 2. Each State shall take such legislative, administrative and other measures as may be necessary to ensure effective guarantees of the rights and freedoms mentioned in this Declaration.
Article 3
Domestic legislation, consistent with the Charter of the United Nations and other international obligations of the State in the field of human rights and fundamental freedoms, forms the legal framework within which human rights and fundamental freedoms should be implemented and ensured and within which all activities mentioned in this Declaration for the promotion, protection and effective exercise of these rights and freedoms should be carried out.
Article 4
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as detrimental to or contrary to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, or as limiting or detracting from the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights and other international treaties and obligations applicable in this field.
Article 5
In order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, at the national and international levels: (a) to hold peaceful meetings or gatherings; (b) to establish, join and participate in non-governmental organizations, associations or groups; (c) to maintain contact with non-governmental organizations or intergovernmental organizations.
Article 6
Everyone, individually and jointly with others, has the right to: (a) Know, seek, obtain, receive and have at their disposal information about all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including access to information on how these rights and freedoms are ensured in domestic legislation, judicial or administrative systems; b) As stipulated in international human rights treaties and other applicable international treaties, it is free to publish, transmit, or disseminate to others opinions, information, and knowledge about all human rights and fundamental freedoms.;
(c) To study, discuss, formulate and have opinions on the observance of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, both in law and in practice, and to draw public attention to these issues using these and other appropriate means.
Article 7
Everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to develop and discuss new ideas and principles related to human rights and to seek their recognition.
Article 8
1. Everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to have effective access, on a non-discriminatory basis, to participate in the governance of their country and the conduct of public affairs. 2. This includes, in particular, the right, individually and jointly with others, to submit to government bodies and institutions, as well as to organizations involved in the conduct of public affairs, critical comments and suggestions for improving their activities and to draw attention to any aspect of their work that may hinder or hinder the promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights. and fundamental freedoms.
Article 9
1. In the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the promotion and protection of the human rights referred to in this Declaration, everyone, individually and jointly with others, has the right to effective remedies and protection in the event of violations of these rights. 2. To this end, every person whose rights or freedoms are allegedly violated has the right, personally or through a legally authorized representative, to file a complaint with an independent, impartial and competent judicial or other body established by law, to expect its prompt consideration by this body during public proceedings and to receive from such body, in accordance with by law, a decision providing for remedial measures, including any appropriate compensation, in case of violation of the rights or freedoms of this person, as well as the right to enforce this decision or resolution without undue delay. 3. For the same purpose, everyone, individually and jointly with others, has, in particular, the right: (a) In connection with violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms as a result of the policies and actions of individual officials and public authorities, to file complaints or other appropriate appeals to the competent national judicial, administrative or legislative authorities or to any another competent authority provided for by the legal system of the State, which must make its decision on this complaint without undue delay.; (b) Attend public hearings, proceedings and trials in order to form an opinion on their compliance with national legislation and applicable international obligations and principles; (c) Offer and provide professional, qualified legal assistance or other appropriate advice and assistance in the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. 4. For the same purpose, and in accordance with applicable international treaties and procedures, everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to unhindered access to international bodies with general or special competence to receive and consider communications on human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as to communicate with them. 5. The State conducts an immediate and impartial investigation or ensures that an investigation is conducted whenever there are reasonable grounds to believe that human rights and fundamental freedoms have been violated in any territory under its jurisdiction.
Article 10
No one should participate, through action or failure to take the required action, in the violation of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and no one can be subjected to any punishment or persecution for refusing to participate in this.
Article 11
Each person, individually and jointly with others, has the right to legally engage in their own kind of activity or work in their profession. Everyone who, by their profession, can influence the human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms of others must respect these rights and freedoms and comply with relevant national and international standards of conduct or ethics related to their occupation or profession.
Article 12
1. Everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to participate in peaceful activities directed against violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. 2. The State shall take all necessary measures to ensure the protection, with the help of competent authorities, of any person acting individually and jointly with others from any violence, threats, retaliation, negative discrimination de facto or de jure, pressure or any other arbitrary action in connection with the legitimate exercise of his or her rights. mentioned in this Declaration. 3. In this regard, everyone, individually and jointly with others, has the right to effective protection of national legislation in the event of retaliatory measures or actions using peaceful means against activities or actions imputed to the State that result in violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as acts of violence committed by groups or individuals and affecting the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Article 13
Everyone has the right, individually and jointly with others, to request, receive and use resources specifically for the purpose of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms by peaceful means in accordance with article 3 of this Declaration.
Article 14
1. The State is responsible for taking legislative, judicial, administrative or other appropriate measures to promote understanding by all persons under its jurisdiction of their civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. 2. Such measures include, inter alia: (a) The publication and wide dissemination of national laws and regulations, as well as the main applicable international human rights instruments; (b) Full and equal access to international human rights instruments, including the periodic reports of the State to the bodies established on the basis of international human rights treaties to which it is a party, as well as summary records of discussions and official reports of these bodies. 3. The State ensures and supports, when necessary, the establishment and development of new independent national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the territory under its jurisdiction, such as ombudsmen, human rights commissions or any other form of national institutions.
Article 15
The State has a responsibility to promote and facilitate the teaching of human rights and fundamental freedoms at all levels of education and to ensure that all persons responsible for training lawyers, law enforcement officers, military personnel and civil servants include relevant elements of human rights teaching in their curricula.
Article 16
Individuals, non-governmental organizations, and relevant institutions play an important role in promoting a better public understanding of issues related to all human rights and fundamental freedoms through activities such as education, training, and research in these fields, with a view, inter alia, to enhancing understanding and fostering tolerance, peace, and friendly relations. between States and between all racial and religious groups, taking into account the various characteristics of societies and collectives, in which they carry out their activities.
Article 17
In exercising the rights and freedoms mentioned in this Declaration, every person acting individually or jointly with others is subject only to such restrictions as are consistent with relevant international obligations and which are established by law solely for the purpose of ensuring due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare. in a democratic society.
Article 18
1. Everyone has responsibilities to society and in society, in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. 2. Individuals, groups, institutions, and non-governmental organizations have an important role and responsibility to play in ensuring democracy, promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms, and contributing to the promotion and development of democratic societies, institutions, and processes. 3. Similarly, they have an important role and responsibility to play in promoting, as appropriate, the promotion of everyone's rights to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments can be fully realized.
Article 19
Nothing in this Declaration can be interpreted as meaning that any person, group or organ of society or any State has the right to engage in any activity or commit any actions aimed at the elimination of the rights and freedoms mentioned in this Declaration.
Article 20
Nothing in this Declaration may also be interpreted as authorizing States to support and encourage the activities of individuals, groups of individuals, institutions or non-governmental organizations contrary to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.
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