Commentary to article 262. Violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market and on joint-stock companies The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offences

Home / RLA / Commentary to article 262. Violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market and on joint-stock companies The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offences

Commentary to article 262. Violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market and on joint-stock companies The Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offences

1. Failure by a securities market entity to comply with the procedure and (or) conditions established by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Joint Stock Companies" when making a major transaction and (or) a related party transaction, -

entails a fine for small business entities in the amount of two hundred, for medium-sized businesses - in the amount of three hundred, for large business entities - in the amount of four hundred monthly calculation indices.

2. The commission by a professional participant in the securities market, as part of his professional activity in the securities market, of a transaction with financial instruments, the terms of which contradict the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market, and (or) a transaction in respect of which the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market provides grounds for refusal to commit it, -

entails a fine for medium-sized businesses in the amount of three hundred, for large businesses - in the amount of four hundred monthly calculation indices.

3. Broker and/or dealer making a transaction without a client's order at the time of its completion -

entails a fine for medium-sized businesses in the amount of three hundred, for large businesses - in the amount of four hundred monthly calculation indices.

4. Actions of insiders to use insider information when making transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments, illegally transfer insider information to third parties, provide recommendations or suggestions to third parties on making transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments based on insider information, and (or) failure to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan on providing information to issuers by legal entities recognized as insiders in relation to these issuers, having no signs of a criminally punishable act, if these actions have not caused major damage, -

A fine is imposed on an individual in the amount of two hundred, on an official in the amount of four hundred, on small businesses in the amount of three hundred, on medium-sized businesses in the amount of four hundred, on large businesses in the amount of five hundred monthly calculation indices.

5. Violation by issuers of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding the control over the disposal and use of insider information about the issuer and the securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by it -

entails a fine for small business entities in the amount of three hundred, for medium-sized businesses - in the amount of four hundred, for large business entities - in the amount of five hundred monthly calculation indices.

6. Repeated (two or more times within six consecutive calendar months) disclosure by a securities market entity of unreliable and (or) incomplete information and (or) failure to disclose information about its activities in due time in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, -

they entail a fine in the amount of fifty monthly calculation indices.

Note.

For the purposes of part six of this article, information about its activities is understood to be information subject to disclosure by a securities market entity in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market.

Subjects of the securities market are not subject to administrative liability provided for in part six of this article in the following cases::

1) disclosure of information in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, no later than one business day after the expiration of the time limits established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the disclosure of this information;

2) if, at the time of the discovery of the offense, the subject of the securities market:

has been deprived of a license to operate in the financial sector and activities related to the concentration of financial resources, and is subject to compulsory liquidation or is in the process of compulsory liquidation.;

declared bankrupt by the court.

The commented article establishes administrative liability for violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market and on joint-stock companies.

The generic object of offenses provided for in Article 262 of the Administrative Code is the procedure established in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and protected by the state for conducting business in the field of finance.

The direct object of the administrative offenses provided for in the commented article is the procedure for carrying out activities on the securities market.

The subjects of offenses provided for in Article 262 of the Administrative Code, by virtue of the direct indication of this in the dispositions and sanctions of the commented article, are individuals and officials, business entities.: issuers, brokers and dealers, professional participants and other subjects of the securities market.

The subjective side of the acts provided for in Article 262 of the Administrative Code, for individuals, officials and individual entrepreneurs who committed it, is characterized by guilt in the form of intent or negligence. The guilt of an individual is revealed by his mental attitude towards the illegal acts committed by him and their harmful consequences. The subjective side of the subjects of the offense - legal entities is not subject to identification.

The offences provided for in the commented article are formal. In order to calculate and impose a fine on an offender under the commented article, it is not necessary to establish the fact and amount of damage caused by the commission of an offense.

Part 1 of the commented article establishes administrative liability for non-compliance by a securities market entity with the procedure and (or) conditions established by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Joint Stock Companies" when making a major transaction and (or) a related-party transaction.

The subjects of the offense provided for in Part 1 of the commented article are subjects of the securities market.

According to paragraph 1 of Article 5 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", the subjects of the securities market are individual and institutional investors, issuers, professional participants in the securities market, bidders and professional organizations.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 1 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits unlawful acts (inaction) in the form of non-compliance with the procedure and (or) conditions established by the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Joint Stock Companies" when making a major transaction and (or) a related-party transaction.

According to Article 68 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Joint-Stock Companies", a major transaction is recognized as:

1) a transaction or a set of interrelated transactions, as a result of which the company acquires or alienates (may acquire or alienate) property, the value of which is twenty-five percent or more of the total book value of the company's assets;

2) a transaction or a set of interrelated transactions, as a result of which the company may redeem its outstanding securities or sell the company's securities purchased by it in the amount of twenty-five percent or more of the total number of outstanding securities of the same type;

3) another transaction recognized by the company's articles of association as a major transaction.

Affiliated persons of the company are recognized as persons interested in making a transaction by the company if they:

1) are a party to the transaction or participate in it as a representative or intermediary;

2) are affiliated persons of a legal entity that is a party to the transaction or participates in it as a representative or intermediary.

It is not a transaction in which the company has an interest.:

1) a transaction involving the acquisition by a shareholder of shares or other securities of the company, as well as the company's repurchase of its outstanding shares;

2) a transaction on the assumption of obligations on non-disclosure of information containing banking, commercial or legally protected secrets;

3) reorganization of the company, carried out in accordance with the Law;

4) the company's transaction with its affiliated entity, carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on public procurement and procurement carried out by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its departments, organizations within the structure of the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and legal entities, fifty or more percent of the voting shares (participation shares in the authorized capital) of which belong to the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or are under its trust management, and by legal entities affiliated with them;

5) conclusion by the company of an agreement with its affiliated person, the standard form of which is established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Failure by the subjects of the securities market to comply with the procedure and conditions established by law for concluding large and other interested-party transactions forms the final composition of the offense provided for in Part 1 of the commented article.

For the commission of an offense provided for in Part 1 of the commented article, the perpetrators are subject to punishment in the form of a fine.

Depending on the legal status of the offender and the business category to which he belongs, the amount of the fine is:

- for small businesses - 200 MCI;

- for medium-sized businesses - 300 MCI;

- for large business entities - 400 MCI.

The amounts of fines for each of the above categories of subjects of an offense are fixed and are not subject to change by the body imposing them.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Part 2 of the commented article establishes administrative responsibility for the commission by a professional participant in the securities market within the framework of his professional activity in the securities market of a transaction with financial instruments, the terms of which contradict the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market, and (or) a transaction in respect of which the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market provides grounds for refusal the commission.

The subjects of the offense provided for in Part 2 of the commented article are professional participants in the securities market.

According to clause 11) of Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", a professional participant in the securities market is a legal entity operating in the securities market on the basis of a license or in accordance with the legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 2 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits unlawful acts in the form of:

1) making a transaction with financial instruments, the terms of which contradict the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market, and (or)

2) making a transaction in respect of which the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market provides grounds for refusal to make it.

For the commission of an offense provided for in Part 2 of the commented article, the perpetrators are subject to punishment in the form of a fine.

Depending on the legal status of the offender and the business category to which he belongs, the amount of the fine is:

- for medium-sized businesses - 300 MCI;

- for large business entities - 400 MCI.

The amounts of fines for each of the above categories of subjects of an offense are fixed and are not subject to change by the body imposing them.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Part 3 of the commented article establishes administrative responsibility for the broker and/or dealer making a transaction without a client's order at the time of its completion.

The subjects of the offense provided for in Part 3 of the commented article are brokers and dealers.

According to clauses 16) and 26) of Article 1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", a broker is a professional participant in the securities market who makes transactions with equity securities and other financial instruments on behalf, at the expense and in the interests of the client. A dealer is a professional participant in the securities market who makes transactions with equity securities and other financial instruments in his own interests and at his own expense on the unorganized securities market and on the organized securities market with the right of direct access to it.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 3 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits illegal actions in the form of a transaction without a customer's order at the time of its commission.

As required by clause 1 of Article 64 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", the broker and (or) dealer makes transactions with financial instruments in accordance with the client's order.

An order is a document submitted to a professional securities market participant by a holder (acquirer) of financial instruments, indicating the implementation of a specific action in relation to financial instruments owned by him or money intended for the purchase of financial instruments.

The types of customer orders, their content and execution are established by a regulatory legal act of the authorized body and internal documents of the broker and (or) dealer.

Violation by a broker or dealer of the above-mentioned legal requirement for making a transaction only if there is a client's order at the time of its completion forms the final composition of the offense provided for in Part 3 of the commented article.

For the commission of an offense provided for in Part 3 of the commented article, the perpetrators are subject to punishment in the form of a fine.

Depending on the legal status of the offender and the business category to which he belongs, the amount of the fine is:

- for medium-sized businesses - 300 MCI;

- for large business entities - 400 MCI.

The amounts of fines for each of the above categories of subjects of an offense are fixed and are not subject to change by the body imposing them.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Part 4 of the commented article establishes administrative responsibility for the actions of insiders to use insider information when making transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments, illegally transfer insider information to third parties, provide recommendations or suggestions to third parties on transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments based on insider information, and (or) failure to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on providing information to issuers by legal entities, recognized as insiders in relation to these issuers who do not have signs of a criminal offense, if these actions did not cause major damage.

The subjects of the offense provided for in Part 4 of the commented article are, by virtue of the direct indication of this in the disposition of the commented norm, insiders.

An insider is a person who has access to insider information.

Insider information is reliable information about securities (derivative financial instruments), transactions with them, as well as about the issuer that issued (provided) securities (derivative financial instruments), its activities, which constitute a commercial secret, as well as other information unknown to third parties, the disclosure of which may affect changes in the value of securities (derivative financial instruments) and the activities of their issuer.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 4 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits unlawful acts in the form of:

1) the use of insider information in transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments,

2) illegal transfer of insider information to third parties,

3) providing recommendations or suggestions to third parties on making transactions with securities and (or) derivative financial instruments based on insider information, and (or)

4) failure to comply with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on providing information to issuers by legal entities recognized as insiders in relation to these issuers.

At the request of clause 4 of Article 56-1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", it is prohibited:

1) use insider information when making transactions with securities and other financial instruments;

2) transfer insider information to third parties or make it available to third parties, except in cases stipulated by the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan;

3) provide recommendations or suggestions to third parties on securities transactions based on insider information.

Violation by insiders of the above-mentioned legislative prohibitions on the commission of actions with insider information forms the final composition of the offense provided for in Part 4 of the commented article.

In addition, at the request of subclause 3) of clause 6 of Article 56-1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", legal entities recognized as insiders due to the fact that they have access to insider information by virtue of owning, using and (or) disposing directly or indirectly of ten or more percent of voting shares (participation interests in the authorized capital) of the issuer; an audit organization, an appraiser, professional participants in the securities market and other persons providing services to the issuer in accordance with a concluded agreement (including an oral one), the terms of which provide for the disclosure of insider information; a trading organizer whose list includes securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by the issuer; as well as public associations and professional organizations of which the issuers and the above-mentioned organizations are members, which have access to insider information by virtue of their powers, are obliged to inform the issuers, in respect of which these legal entities are recognized as insiders, about their employees who have access to the issuers' insider information by virtue of their official position and work duties, in accordance with the procedure and deadlines established by the internal control rules.

Failure by such insiders to comply with the above-mentioned legislative requirement also forms the final composition of the offense provided for in Part 4 of the commented article.

The composition of the offense provided for in Part 4 of the commented article is formal. To bring to administrative responsibility for its commission, it is not necessary to establish the fact that the offender caused material damage to the state, organization or citizen and its size.

However, if the fact of damage caused by an offense is established, for the qualification of an offense under the commented article, the damage caused by the offense should not exceed a large amount.

Major damage, in relation to the commented article, refers to damage in the amount of ten thousand times the monthly estimated figure.

Accordingly, in the case of damage caused by an offense, the offender is brought to administrative responsibility under the commented article only if the actions of the offender did not cause major damage to the victim and, accordingly, there are no signs of a criminal offense in the actions of the offender. Otherwise, the offenders are subject to criminal liability for illegal actions in relation to insider information in accordance with the norms of the Criminal Code. In this regard, an initially unlawful act of a person should be checked by law enforcement agencies for the presence or absence of signs of a criminal offense and grounds for bringing the perpetrator to criminal responsibility.

For the commission of an offense provided for in Part 4 of the commented article, the perpetrators are subject to punishment in the form of a fine.

Depending on the legal status of the offender and the business category to which he belongs, the amount of the fine is:

- for individuals - 200 MCI;

- for officials - 400 MCI;

- for small businesses - 300 MCI;

- for medium-sized businesses - 400 MCI;

- for large business entities - 500 MCI.

The amounts of fines for each of the above categories of subjects of an offense are fixed and are not subject to change by the body imposing them.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Part 5 of the commented article establishes administrative liability for violation by issuers of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding the control over the disposal and use of insider information about the issuer and the securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by it.

The subject of the offense provided for in Part 5 of the commented article, by virtue of a direct indication of this in the disposition of the commented norm, is the issuer.

An issuer is a person who issues equity securities.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 5 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits illegal actions (inaction), resulting in violation of the requirements established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regarding control over the disposal and use of insider information about the issuer and securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by it.

56-1 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Securities Market", the issuer is obliged to ensure control over the disposal and use of insider information about the issuer and the securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by it, by carrying out the following measures, including, but not limited to:

1) disclosure, in accordance with the procedure and under the conditions established by the regulatory legal act of the authorized body, of information related to its activities that is not publicly available, if this information, due to the consequences for the issuer's property and financial situation, is capable of affecting the value of securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by this issuer;

2) development and approval of internal control rules, as well as control over compliance with the requirements of these rules by the issuer and its employees;

3) creation of a structural unit or appointment of an official whose duties include monitoring compliance by the issuer and its officials and employees with the requirements of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and internal control rules;

4) maintaining and keeping up-to-date the list of persons with access to the issuer's insider information specified in the Law on the Securities Market;

5) notifying the persons included in the above-mentioned list of their inclusion (exclusion) in the list (from the list), informing these persons about the requirements of the Law on the Securities Market and the rules of internal control regarding the disposal and use of insider information;

6) submitting a list of persons included in the above-mentioned list to the authorized body upon its request;

7) implementation of other measures stipulated by the rules of internal control.

Failure by the issuer to comply or improperly comply with the above-mentioned legislative requirements for the control of the disposal and use of insider information about the issuer and the securities (derivative financial instruments) issued (provided) by it constitutes a complete offense provided for in Part 5 of the commented article.

For committing an offense provided for in Part 5 of the commented article, the perpetrators are subject to punishment in the form of a fine.

Depending on the legal status of the offender and the business category to which he belongs, the amount of the fine is:

- for small businesses - 300 MCI;

- for medium-sized businesses - 400 MCI;

- for large business entities - 500 MCI.

The amounts of fines for each of the above categories of subjects of an offense are fixed and are not subject to change by the body imposing them.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Part 6 of the commented article establishes administrative liability for repeated (two or more times within six consecutive calendar months) disclosure by a securities market entity of unreliable and (or) incomplete information and (or) failure to disclose information about its activities in due time in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The subjects of the offense provided for in Part 6 of the commented article are subjects of the securities market.

According to the note to the commented article, securities market entities are not subject to administrative liability provided for in Part 6 of the commented article, in the case of: 1) disclosure of information in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, no later than one business day after the expiration of the time limits established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the disclosure of this information; 2) if, at the time of the discovery of the offense, the securities market entity is: deprived of a license to operate in the financial sector and activities related to the concentration of financial resources, and is subject to compulsory liquidation or is in the process of compulsory liquidation; declared bankrupt by a court.

In other words, the subjects of the offense under Part 6 of the commented article are not securities market entities that have disclosed information in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, no later than one business day after the expiration of the time limits established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the disclosure of this information.

Also, the subjects of the securities market are not subjects of an offense according to the commented norm of Part 6 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code.: 1) deprived at the time of the discovery of the offense of a license to carry out activities in the financial sector and activities related to the concentration of financial resources; 2) subject to compulsory liquidation or in the process of such liquidation; 3) declared bankrupt by the court.

The objective side of the offense provided for in Part 6 of Article 262 of the Administrative Code is that the offender commits unlawful acts (inaction) in the form of:

1) repeated disclosure of unreliable and (or) incomplete information about their activities in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and (or)

2) failure to disclose information about their activities in due time in accordance with the procedure and on the terms determined by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

At the request of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the securities market, securities market entities are required, in cases, procedures and deadlines established by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, to disclose reliable and complete information about their activities to the authorized body and other legally authorized persons.

Disclosure of information on the securities market is understood as ensuring its accessibility to all interested parties, regardless of the purpose of obtaining this information in accordance with the legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Failure by the subjects of the securities market to comply with the above-mentioned legislative requirements for timely disclosure of complete and reliable information about their activities constitutes a complete offense provided for in Part 6 of the commented article.

The amount of the fine for committing an offense under Part 6 of Article 247 of the Administrative Code is fixed and amounts to 50 MCI.

The amount of the fine is not subject to change by the body imposing it.

This penalty is imposed on offenders by the National Bank of the Republic of Kazakhstan or a court, in the case of a court hearing.

Scientific and practical commentary to the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offences (article-by-article) from the Author's team:

Bachurin Sergey Nikolaevich, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor – chapter 48 (co-authored with E.M. Khakimov);

Gabdualiev Mereke Trekovich, Candidate of Law – Chapters 11, 21, 22, 23;

Zhusipbekova Ainur Maratovna, M.yu.n. – chapter 13 (co-authored with Karpekin A.V.); chapters 33, 39 (co-authored with Seitzhanov O.T.);

Karpekin Alexander Vladimirovich, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor – chapter 13 (in collaboration with Zhusipbekova A.M.);

Korneychuk Sergey Vasilyevich – chapters 2; chapter 6 (co-authored with O.T. Seitzhanov, E.M. Khakimov); chapter 8; chapter 25 (co-authored with E.M. Khakimov); articles 457-470, 488, 488-1, 491-506; chapters 28, 30, 52;

Ilya Petrovich Koryakin, Doctor of Law, Professor – Chapter 49;

Kisykova Gulnara Bauyrzhanovna, Candidate of Law – chapter 20;

Omarova Botagoz Akimgereevna, Candidate of Law – chapters 17; chapter 18 (co-authored with B.A. Parmankulova); chapters 26, 31; chapter 32 (co-authored with B.A. Parmankulova);

Parmankulova Bayan Askhanbaevna – chapter 18 (co-authored with Omarova B.A.); chapters 19, 32 (co-authored with Omarova B.A.); chapter 43 (co-authored with Tukiev A.S.);

Podoprigora Roman Anatolyevich, Doctor of Law, Professor - Chapter 24, articles 489, 489-1, 490;

Porokhov Evgeny Viktorovich, Doctor of Law – Chapters 14, 15, 16, 29, articles 471-475;

Seitzhanov Olzhas Temirzhanovich, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor, – chapter 4; chapter 5 (co-authored with E. M. Khakimov); chapter 6 (co-authored with S.V. Korneychuk, E.M. Khakimov); chapter 9; chapter 10 (co-authored with B.E. Shaimerdenov, V.V. Filin); chapter 33 (co-authored with Zhusipbekova A.M.); chapter 36 (co-authored with Shaimerdenov B.E.); chapter 39 (co-authored with Zhusipbekova A.M.);

Smyshlyaev Alexander Sergeevich, PhD. – chapters 38, 40, 42, 43-1 (co-authored with A.S. Tukiev); chapter 44;

Aslan Sultanovich Tukiev - Candidate of Law, Associate Professor – chapters 1, 3, 35; chapters 38, 40, 42, (co-authored with A.S. Smyshlyaev); chapter 43 (co-authored with B.A. Parmankulova); chapter 43-1 (co-authored with A.S. Smyshlyaev); chapter 44-1 (co-authored with Shipp D.A.); chapter 45; 46 (co-authored with Shipp D.A.); chapter 47;

Filin Vladimir Vladimirovich, Candidate of Law, Associate Professor – Chapter 10 (in collaboration with O.T. Seitzhanov, B.E. Shaimerdenov);

Yerzhan Maratovich Khakimov, M.yu.n. – chapter 5 (co-authored with O.T. Seitzhanov); chapter 6 (co-authored with O.T. Seitzhanov, S.V. Korneychuk); chapter 7; chapter 25 (co-authored with S.V. Korneychuk); chapters 34, 41; chapter 48 (co-authored with S.N. Bachurin); chapter 53;

Shaimerdenov Bolat Yerkenovich, M.yu.n., – chapter 10 (co-authored with O.T. Seitzhanov, V.V. Filin); chapter 12; articles 476-487, 507-509; chapter 36 (co-authored with O.T. Seitzhanov); chapters 37, 50, 51.

Shipp Denis Alekseevich – chapters 44-1, 46 (in collaboration with A.S. Tukiev).

Date of amendment of the act: 01.01.2020 Date of adoption of the act: 01.01.2020 Place of acceptance: 100050000000 Authority that adopted the act: 103001000000 Region of operation: 100000000000 NPA registration number assigned by the regulatory body: 5 Status of the act: new Sphere of legal relations: 029000000000 / 028000000000 / 029002000000 / 028004000000 / 029001000000 / 026000000000 / 001000000000 / 001008000000 / 030000000000 The form of the act: COMM / CODE Legal force: 1900 Language of the Act: rus

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